一.not 表示否定
1. 句型為主語+聯繫動詞be+表語:
在be(am/are/is/was/were)後面加 not 即構成否定句。
I am not hungry. 我不餓。
I'm not a programmer. 我不是程式設計師。
You are not a lawyer. 你不是律師。
They are not Americans 他們不是美國人。
It is not a violin. 它不是小提琴。
I was not in London at the time. 我那時不在倫敦。
My father was not at home yesterday. 我父親昨天不在家。
We were not satisfied with them. 我們對他們不滿意。
2. 句型為主語+助動詞(be, have和will)+謂語動詞:
在(be, have和will)後面加 not 即構成否定句。
They are not playing chess. 他們不是在下棋。(現在進行時)
She is not watching TV. 她不是在看電視。(現在進行時)
We are not studying English. 我們不是在學英語。(現在進行時)
I was not reading when she was listening to music. (過去進行時)
她聽音樂時,我沒在看書。
They were not watching the football match then. (過去進行時)
他們那時沒在看足球賽。
He is not going to come to the party.(一般將來時)
他不會來參加派對。
They will not help their parents clean up. (一般將來時)
她們將不幫父母搞衛生。
I have not heard from John for a long time. (現在完成時)
我好久沒有收到約翰的來信了。
She has not read today’s newspaper. (現在完成時)
她還沒有看今天的報紙。
They have not seen that movie on television. (現在完成時)
他們還沒看過電視上的那部影片。
She hadn't been to New York before her parents moved there.(過去完成時)
她父母搬到紐約前,她沒到過那。
3. 句型為主語+情態動詞(can,could,may,might,must,should等)+謂語動詞:
在情態動詞(can,could,may,might,must,should等)後面加 not 即構成否定句。
She could not help laughing.
她禁不住笑了起來。
The old man cann't read and write.
那老人沒有文化(不會讀寫)。
You shouldn't have given up.
你本不該放棄的。(實際放棄了)
You needn't do your homework today.
今天你不必做作業。(must 必須的否定,用need not 或don't have to)
The kids mustn't swim without grown-ups nearby.
沒有大人在旁邊,孩子們禁止在河裡遊泳。(mustn't是「禁止,不允許」)
4. 句型為主語+謂語動詞(謂語前沒有助動詞):
在謂語動詞前加助動詞do/does/did not即構成否定句。謂語動詞用原形
I don’t have any foreign friends. 我沒有任何外國朋友。
She doesn’t know Mr. White. 她不認識懷特先生。
My mother doesn’t speak English. 我母親不會講英語。
It didn't rain last night. 昨晚沒有下雨。
Mary didn’t clean the room this morning. 瑪麗今天早晨沒打掃了房間。
John didn’t get up early this morning. 約翰今天早晨沒有早起床。
Do not swicth off (祈使句的否定)
5. not用在謂語動詞外的其它句子成分前
說明︰主要是用在兩種情形:一是不這樣安排 not,句子有歧義;二是用於含有對比的敘述中。
I told him not to forget it.
我告訴了他,叫他不要忘了。
She goes to school not by bus, but by bike.
她去上學不是乘公共汽車,而是騎車去的。
Not a student was late this morning.
今天早上沒有一個學生遲到。
He felt sorry for not coming to the meeting on time.
他為沒有準時到會感到很抱歉。
注意:not在有不定代詞all/both/every…句子中,常常會有always,altogether,entirely,wholly 等修飾,不是表示全部否定,而只表示其中的一部分被否定:
All is not gold that glitters. (=All that glitters is not gold.)
閃閃發光者並非都是金子。
Not all the students understood what the professor said.
並非所有的學生都明白教授的課了。
I don’t know all of the people in the party.
我並不都認識所有參加派對的人。
The rich are not always happy.
富人未必一定幸福。
His deeds do not always agree with his words.
他的言行並非總是一致。
A wise man doesn’t know everything.
智者並非每一件事都懂。
Such a product is not found everywhere.
這樣的產品不是隨處可以找到的。
Not both of his sisters agree to his suggestion.
他兩個姊姊並未都同意他的提議。
Not both Peter and John enjoy music.
並非彼得與約翰都喜歡音樂。
not 表示否定,為否定句基本形式,需要我們好好掌握!還有其他特殊的否定句,請大家繼續關注!