The Story of the Cash Register
收銀機的故事
ONE of the outstanding examples of American business successes is the National Cash Register of Dayton, Ohio. It is a monument to the genius of its founder, John. Patterson. It is demonstration of what man with an idea and a lot of determination can accomplish, because probably no product ever made had such poor prospects for success as the cash register when it was introduced in 1884 by Patterson. That it was a useful invention no one denied, but because its value depended, so it seemed upon the assumption that a business man's employees were dishonest, it encountered terrific opposition from retail clerks.
美國商業成功的一個突出例子是俄亥俄州代頓市的收銀機公司。這個公司的成功證明了其創始人約翰帕特森是一個天才。因為1884年帕特森推出的收銀機產品在當時非常不被看好,所以後來他的成功反而充分證明了一個有想法、有決心的人一定可以達成目標。其實收銀機產品是一項有用的發明,但收銀機的價值是基於僱員不誠實的假設,所以這個產品一開始遇到了零售店員的強烈反對。
Mr. Patterson's success was due in large measure to taking what seemed to be an insurmountable objection, and turning it into a reason for buying. Cash register salesmen were taught to turn the opposition to their advantage by pointing out to employers that when they put temptation in the way of their clerks, they shared the guilt of any clerk who pilfered the cash drawer. They brought the issue to the proprietor of the business by pointing the accusing finger at him rather than at his clerks. And as so often happens, once the right approach to the selling problem was found, the business began to grow. Even to this day, the leadership which this great company enjoys in the field of selling all over the world can be traced to its policy of turning objections into reasons for buying. In the words of a famous cash register salesman: "Sell your man with the weapons he hands you."
帕特森先生的成功在很大程度上歸功於他把那種強大的反對意見變成了購買的理由。帕特森教導他的收銀機銷售人員要把反對意見轉變成優勢。銷售人員指出,當老闆們把金錢的誘惑放在他們的職員身上時,他們也分擔了偷現金抽屜的職員的罪責。他們這樣說了以後,指責的矛頭就指向了老闆,而不是他的職員。就這樣一旦找到了解決銷售問題的正確方法,收銀機業務就開始增長。即使到今天,這家偉大的公司在全球銷售領域所享有的領導地位,也可以追溯到它將反對變成購買理由的策略。用一位著名的收銀機推銷員的話來說:「化悲憤為力量,然後成交。」
John H. Patterson did not invent the cash register. His early experience had been in the coal business. When he was 40 years old, he came to Dayton and paid $6,500 for the controlling interest in the National Manufacturing Company, which held basic patents on a cash register. It was a crude device that functioned by punching holes in appropriate columns on a strip of paper. There seemed to be no demand for the machine at all and Patterson's investment in the enterprise came to be a standing joke in the community. In fact, Patterson's old associates made so much fun of the cash register, he offered the seller of the stock a bonus of $2,000 to release him from his contract. However, the seller wouldn't' take it back as a gift! When his offer was refused Patterson made up his mind that he would go into the business and make it a success.
約翰帕特森並沒有發明收銀機,他早期是做煤炭生意的。40歲時,他來到代頓,花6500美元買下了收銀機製造公司的控股權。這個公司在收銀機上擁有基本專利,但此時的收銀機是一種粗製濫造的裝置,它的功能就是在一張紙上的適當位置用柱子打孔。市場對這臺機器似乎根本沒有需求,帕特森對這家企業的投資成了社會上一個常開玩笑的話題。事實上,帕特森的老同事也拿收銀機開了很多玩笑,這個人提出願意給帕特森2000美元,讓他賣出對收銀機製造公司的控股權。不過玩笑歸玩笑,這個人不會真的要把股票低價收回去!所以帕特森拒絕了他的提議,並下定決心要把這個生意做成功。
Perhaps it was fortunate that Patterson knew nothing about manufacturing. For, if he had, he probably would not have touched the proposition. He would have known the difficulties of running a business without an established demand for the product. But Patterson didn't know that 「it couldn't be done. "In December, 1884 he changed the name of the concern to the National Cash Register Company and from then until his death at 78, he 「slept, ate and drank 「cash registers. No one else could see a future for cash registers, but he refused to change his vision just because others could not see ahead. He started absolutely from scratch. He had to improve the cumbersome old machine; he had to find and develop a market; he had to create advertising to sell his product; he had to develop salesmen to do the selling. One might say that he invented modern salesmanship, because until that time, most selling was just order taking.
也許帕特森對製造業一無所知是幸運的。因為如果他是製造業出身他就不會接這個活兒,畢竟市場並沒有明確的產品需求,這樣經營企業的困難可想而知。但帕特森不知道「這樣做行不通」。1884年12月,他把這家公司的名字改成了美國收銀機公司,從那時起直到78歲去世,他都在收銀機上「睡覺、吃飯、喝酒」。其他人都看不到收銀機的未來,但他堅信自己的願景,因為他覺得其他人對未來缺乏預見性。他完全是從零開始的:他必須改進這臺笨重的舊機器;他必須找到並開發一個新市場;他必須設計廣告來推銷他的產品;他必須培養推銷員來推銷。曾經有人說帕特森發明了現代銷售技巧,因為在那之前,大多數銷售都是只是被動式接受訂單。
By 1888, the company was beginning to make itself power. It weathered the panic of 1893 and later depressions. Patterson worked day and night against almost insurmountable odds. There were times when, had he admitted to himself the possibility of being bankrupt, he would have failed. He wouldn't' recognize failure-he could not fail. By constantly improving his product, his sales methods and his manufacturing facilities, he built up in Dayton a world-wide business that has earned millions of dollars for the Patterson family. It shows what a man with an idea and lot of 「guts" can do.
到1888年,這家公司開始步入正軌。在1893年大恐慌和後來的經濟大蕭條期間,公司創始人帕特森日以繼夜地工作,以應對各種難以克服的困難。期間有幾次,只要他承認自己有可能破產,公司馬上就完了。但是他不會承認,因為他堅信自己不會失敗。通過不斷改進他的產品、銷售方法和生產設施,他在代頓建立了一家世界性的企業,為帕特森家族賺了數百萬美元。他用自己的經歷為我們展示了一個有想法、有「勇氣」的男人所能做的一切。
[山哥注]1893年大恐慌 : 1890年後由於歐洲撤回在美國的證券投資而引起的金融危機。紐約證券市場倒閉,黃金流出美國的數量增加,國庫黃金儲備量下降,黃金、白銀及日用品價格下跌。1890年2月,費城—雷丁鐵路公司倒閉,5月全國鎖具公司倒閉,各類大小公司倒閉對社會經濟持續影響數年。
山哥點評:
1、收銀機產品的背後,有著豐富的企業管理邏輯。比如你是創業者開了一個奶茶店,招聘員工給你幹活,為你收錢,如何確保每一杯奶茶都收到錢了?奶茶這種耗材不能精準控制的,如何保證員工沒有飛單?他自己做了一杯賣給客人,收的現金直接裝進口袋?很多人無法解決這個問題,所以就會用自己家人收錢來解決這個問題,夫妻老婆店就是這麼來的,自家人收錢放心的很。但是如果要開分店呢,用親戚,再有分店呢,用外人不放心,算了不開了。所以創業1.0用自己家人,2.0開始用不認識的人,用制度流程系統來管理;到3.0你可以放心的把店把企業交給管理者,交給店長,交給職業經理人,把利潤分配激勵模式做好,每個人都是在為自己工作掙錢,多掙多得,人性化的管理,完全不需要有人督促。
2、帕特森的案例不一定有複製性,但是有指導意義,他是萬裡挑一的創業好手,非常的積極正能量,腦子也好用,能把死馬醫活,多數人是沒有這個本事的。還是那句話,其實創業是個複雜的工程。創業者自身要有堅定的意志,成熟的想法,對商業和市場的敏感性,對未來有預見性,熟知人心和人性,承受寂寞、指責和各種壓力的能力,還要有健康的身體。#創業有風險,下海需謹慎。#
附:NCR(National Cash Register)公司歷程,看看什麼是真正的百年公司,至今還是世界500強!
1884 年 - John H. Patterson 創立 National Cash Register Company,製造了第一部機械式收款機。
1906 年 - Charles F. Kettering 設計了世界上第一臺電動收款機。
1952 年 - NCR 收購位於美國加利福尼亞州的 Hawthorne Computer Research Corporation (CRC),該公司生產航空用數字計算機。
1953 年 - NCR 設立電子部門,繼續探索適用於各種商業計算機的電子應用系統。
1974 年 - 公司更名為 NCR Corporation。
1982 年 – 第一臺 NCR Tower 超微計算機問世,NCR 成為引進行業標準及開放系統體系結構的先驅。
1991 年 - 被 AT&T 收購。
1991 年 – NCR 收購 Teradata 公司,獲得其先進、獨特的商用並行處理技術。NCR Teradata 資料庫成為世界上最富盛名、功能最強大的數據倉儲。
1994 年 - NCR 更名為AT&TGlobal Information Solutions (GIS)。
1995 年 - AT&T 宣布 AT&T GIS 將於 1996 年底獨立。
1996 年 - AT&T GIS 重新更名為 NCR,預計於 1997 年 1 月與 AT&T 分離,成為獨立、公開上市的公司。
1997 年 – NCR 收購在食品服務行業領先的商店自動化及管理軟體供應商8 Compris 技術公司以及開發支票處理軟體的Dataworks 公司,從而完成了業務轉型,從單純的硬體供應商轉變為全面解決方案供應商。
1998 年 - NCR 完成業務轉型,將計算機硬體製造資產賣給Solectron 公司,進一步確立了 NCR 致力於開拓與眾不同的軟體及服務產品的市場定位。
2000 年 - NCR 收購客戶關係管理方案供應商 Ceres Integrated Solutions 及一家服務公司 4Front Technologies,進一步擴充了 NCR 在主流市場的解決方案種類。
2003 年 - NCR 籤字識別器已取得專利。
2007年- NCR的數據倉庫部門Teradata從公司拆分,獨立在紐約上市。
2009年-NCR在德盧斯建立新的公司總部。
2010年-NCR發布行業的第一個混合媒體存款自動取款機(SDM)。
2011年-NCR完成10億美元收購Radiant Systems,擴大NCR的存在在酒店及專業零售空間。
2012年-NCR試水NCR Silver,一個為小型企業設計的基於雲技術的銷售點系統。
2012年11月-NCR將以每股30美元的現金購買價,收購創新的零售軟體和服務提供商Retalix有限公司(納斯達克股市代碼:RTLX),合同交易額約為六億五千萬美元。
2014年 NCR美國500強 ,第423名。
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