前天聊到了閱讀理解複習策略，
堂主知道你們讀完後基本是「懵」的狀態！
（先保存起來吧，以後慢慢看）
英語篇：重磅！英語閱讀理解複習攻略，歷經4天完成！
今天有個二戰的研友私信我，誇了我一番，但是也給我提出了幾個建議，
希望我對昨天說的幾個環節，展開解釋，
解釋的詳細一點。
閱讀理解，堂主打算寫5篇文章
1、閱讀理解複習攻略
2、閱讀理解幹擾選項詳解
3、閱讀理解解題技巧筆記
4、閱讀理解複習誤區
5、閱讀理解部分研友問題答疑（晚點寫）
趁熱打鐵，今天我們聊「閱讀理解錯誤選項」相關內容
在這個問題上，分為兩大陣營
陣營一：閱讀中，我們只需要按照出題人的思路把正確答案選出來即可，探究錯誤選項為什麼錯是沒有任何意義的。
陣營二：我們應該去學習閱讀理解的錯誤選項，知道怎麼設置幹擾選項，才能更好的了解正確選項的特點。
堂主觀點：我站隊陣營二，要學習分析錯誤選項
原因一：「買份保險」，不好麼？
1、四個選項如果能快速排除兩個，成功率會從25%提高到50%。
2、如果對某個選項把握性不足，從反向出發，通過排除，再次確認答案，相當於「檢查」。
原因二：某些題，反向做效果更佳
比如例證題，凡是涉及例子的選項統統排除。
比如態度題，凡是看到
indifferent；biased等直接排除。
比如主旨題，看到某個選項只談及某一個段落，而不是整篇文章，直接排除。
原因三：陣營一的邏輯有問題
1、我們應該去學習命題人的出題思路，這點毫無疑問！
2、只要我們去學習命題人的出題思路，不可避免的會涉及幹擾選項的學習。
換句話說，正確選項與幹擾選項是一個整體，不能獨立存在的！
了解幹擾選項的命題思路，一定會促進對正確選項的敏感性！
【第一類】定位錯誤
【第二類】偷換
偷換主語
偷換賓語
偷換動詞
偷換比較
偷換因果
偷換否定
【第三類】拼湊
【第四類】無中生有
【第五類】程度改變
我們通過例子，具體了解命題人如何設置幹擾選項！
例子一：偷換否定，無中生有
①Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. ②Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. ③Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. ④Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find.
36. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
1、判斷題型：細節題
2、定位
定位詞：（大寫，地點，人物等）
American parents；in school
主體詞：（問題最核心的部分）
children to acquire what
定位第③句
What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.
American parents=our
children= children
acquire=get
in school= our schools
這種定位是非常準確的！
3、排除
文章定位句中：
③Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.
幹擾選項
[B] Profound knowledge of the world.
這種情況就屬於：偷換否定
[A] The habit of thinking independently.
我們在文章中並沒有找到任何有關
thinking independently
相關同義替換詞。
這種情況就屬於：無中生有
例子二：定位錯誤，偷換賓語
①With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. ②Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. ③But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. ④Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: 「Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility,」 says one expert.
⑤For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it. ⑥「None of these programs do that,」 says another expert. ⑦「There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.」
22. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
1、判斷題型：細節題
2、定位
定位詞：search agents
主體詞：disadvantage
Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks.
disadvantage= drawbacks（缺點）
缺點的內容，一定在③④⑤⑥⑦句子。
3、排除
幹擾選項C
[C] Lower efficiency.
efficiency僅在第一句提到過
①With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient.
我們的定位句是③④⑤⑥⑦句子。
這種情況屬於：定位錯誤
幹擾選項B
[B] Limited number of visits.
文章中
you eliminate a possibility,
Limited與eliminate是同義替換，都翻譯為「限制」。
a possibility指代的是「找到工作的可能性」
幹擾選項偷換為number of visits
這種情況屬於：偷換賓語
例子三：拼湊，偷換主語，改變程度
①Everybody loves a fat pay rise. ②Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. ③Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. ④Such behaviour is regarded as 「all too human」, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. ⑤But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
22. The statement 「it is all too monkey」 (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.
1、確定題型：詞彙題
2、排除
[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals
文章中
if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged
he和you指的是人！
幹擾選項中
monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals
對比來看：
you might even be outraged
monkeys are also outraged
偷換了主語
這種現象屬於：偷換主語
當然，我們也可以換個角度出發
③Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. ④Such behaviour is regarded as 「all too human」, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. ⑤But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
slacking在第③句，monkey在第⑤句。
命題人把這兩個詞組合在一起，改變為一個幹擾選項。
這種現象屬於：拼湊
[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other
文章中：
other animals would be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance
幹擾選項
monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other
捫心自問，jealous能和grievance劃等號麼？
jealous妒忌
grievance不滿，不公平
你能說妒忌=不滿麼？
這種現象屬於：改變程度
例子四：偷換因果
④Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is 「off-line.」
31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.
[B] are susceptible to emotional changes
文章中：
dreams, regulating moods
夢，管理/調節情感。
幹擾選項：
dreams are susceptible to emotional changes
夢易受到情緒變化的影響。
選項中：情感是因，夢是果。
文章中：夢是因，情感是果。
因果倒置！！
這種現象屬於：偷換因果
例子五：偷換比較
①That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. ②What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. ③They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. ④Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. ⑤According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. ⑥In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.
[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago
B選項（重要選項）
there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago
該選項有什麼關鍵詞值得我們注意的？
【值得注意的地方】
as...as比較級
文章中
⑤According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.
文章中說80%，
選項說half，
不管文章中有沒有做比較，一定排除。
這種現象屬於：偷換比較