跟華哥學【長難句】的第2 天
----------------------
長難句太難？語法搞不懂？
五月進步計劃開始啦！
華哥陪你一起練~
長難句分析
【2.】Once intimidated by arguments that their children would feel more at home in bilingual classes，and that they might lose their heritage in regular classes，these women have since given voice，loudly and persuasively，to what they know from experience that unless they are fluent in the language of their adopted country，their children will never attend college or land any but the most menial of jobs.
結構分析
句子的框架是these women have…given voice…to what they know from experience that…。
that從句做experience的同位語從句；此從句中又套嵌一個unless引導的條件狀語從句；Once intimidated by arguments是過去分詞做狀語修飾these women，其施動者arguments又有兩個that引導的同位語從句修飾限定它。
intimidated by arguments意為「被論點搞得驚慌害怕」；feel at home不能直譯為「感到在家」，而譯為「感到自在」；give voice to意為「表達，表露」；land jobs譯為「找到工作」。
譯文
有人說，孩子們在雙語課堂裡會感到更加自由自在，而在正規班級會喪失其傳統文化。這幾位母親曾被這一論點搞得惶恐不安，現在發表了最響亮，最有說服力的意見。從她們自身的經驗中，他們深知:如果孩子們不熟練掌握他們所移居國家的語言，除了那些最簡單的體力活兒外，根本談不上上大學，也談不上找到理想的工作。
長難句分析
【3.】The presumption on which human cloning rests is that all these cells，though now specialized，still contain exact copies of the original set of genetic instructions needed to make an entire individual and can do so if a way is found to switch them back on.
結構分析
句子的框架是The presumption is that all these cells…contain genetic instructions…and can do so…。
其中介詞on加which引導定語從句修飾主語the presumption; that從句為表語從句;此表語從句中contain和can do並列做all these cells的謂語;表語從句中又插入一個though引導的省略了主語all these cells的讓步狀語從句，補充完整為though these cells are now specialized;
needed to make an entire individual為過去分詞短語做genetic instructions的後置定語;並列謂語can do so又有if條件句修飾。rest on意為「依賴」。為避免重複do so代替前文提到的make an entire individual。
譯文
人類克隆賴以存在的假定是:雖然所有的細胞現已全部特化，但卻仍然包含有發育為完整個體所需的與母體完全一致的全部遺傳指令;如果能找到一個方法使失去作用的部分恢復作用，這些細胞就能發育成為完整的個體。