法國國家科研中心以及國家健康與醫學研究所的研究人員在美國最新一期 Immunity 雜誌上報告說,他們研製的一種新型愛滋病疫苗在雌性獼猴身上實驗成功。實驗結果表明,疫苗能夠有效防止愛滋病通過性途徑傳播。
為了驗證疫苗的有效性,研究人員對5隻雌性獼猴進行了鼻部和肌肉注射。結果顯示,在疫苗的保護下,雌性獼猴對陰道感染愛滋病產生了免疫,其血清化驗始終呈現陰性。此外,進一步的實驗表明,這種新型疫苗對預防普遍存在於歐美和印度的愛滋病B亞型和C亞型病毒效果明顯。
法國國家科研中心的摩根·邦塞爾表示,這種疫苗目前僅在雌性獼猴身上實驗成功,而且獲得這一結果的前提是實驗對象的陰道沒有創傷,如果要進一步確認疫苗的有效性,還需要對雄性獼猴展開實驗。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Immunity, (in press) DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.01.015
Immunization with HIV-1 gp41 Subunit Virosomes Induces Mucosal Antibodies Protecting Nonhuman Primates against Vaginal SHIV Challenges
Morgane Bomsel, Daniela Tudor, Anne-Sophie Drillet, Annette Alfsen, Yonatan Ganor, Marie-Ga?lle Roger, Nicolas Mouz, Mario Amacker, Anick Chalifour, Lorenzo Diomede, Gilles Devillier, Zhe Cong, Qiang Wei, Hong Gao, Chuan Qin, Gui-Bo Yang, Rinaldo Zurbriggen, Lucia Lopalco, Sylvain Fleury
Highlights
A gp41-based mucosal vaccine fully protects monkeys from vaginal SHIV challenge
Protection correlates with transcytosis blocking gp41-specific mucosal IgAs
Protection correlates also with gp41-MPER-specific mucosal IgGs with ADCC activities
In contrast, no antiviral activities are detected in the blood
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 is mainly transmitted mucosally during sexual intercourse. We therefore evaluated the protective efficacy of a vaccine active at mucosal sites. Macaca mulatta monkeys were immunized via both the intramuscular and intranasal routes with an HIV-1 vaccine made of gp41-subunit antigens grafted on virosomes, a safe delivery carrier approved in humans with self-adjuvant properties. Six months after 13 vaginal challenges with simian-HIV (SHIV)-SF162P3, four out of five vaccinated animals remained virus-negative, and the fifth was only transiently infected. None of the five animals seroconverted to p27gag-SIV. In contrast, all 6 placebo-vaccinated animals became infected and seroconverted. All protected animals showed gp41-specific vaginal IgAs with HIV-1 transcytosis-blocking properties and vaginal IgGs with neutralizing and/or antibody-dependent cellular-cytotoxicity activities. In contrast, plasma IgGs totally lacked virus-neutralizing activity. The protection observed challenges the paradigm whereby circulating antiviral antibodies are required for protection against HIV-1 infection and may serve in designing a human vaccine against HIV-1-AIDS.