1.account n..帳,帳目 a/c;帳戶
e.g.T-account: T型帳戶;account payable應付帳款 receivable 應收帳款);
2.Accounting concepts 會計的基本前提
1)accounting entity 會計主體;entity 實體,主體
2)going concern 持續經營
3)accounting period 會計分期
financial year/ fiscal year 會計年度(financial adj.財務的,金融的;fiscal adj.財政的)
4)money measurement貨幣計量
*權責發生制accrual basis.
accrual n.本身是應計未付的意思,
accrue v.應計未付,應計未收,
e.g.accrued liabilities,應計未付負債
3.Quality of accounting information 會計信息質量要求
(1)可靠性reliability
(2)相關性 relevance
(3)可理解性 understandability
(4)可比性comparability
(5)實質重於形式 substance over form
(6)重要性 materiality
(7)謹慎性 prudence
(8)及時性 timeliness
.
4.Elements of accounting會計要素
1)Assets: 資產
– current assets 流動資產
cash and cash equivalents 現金及現金等價物 (bank deposit)
inventory存貨
receivable應收帳款
prepaid expense 預付費用
– non-current assets 固定資產
property (land and building) 不動產, plant 廠房, equipment 設備 (PPE)
e.g.The total assets owned by Wilson company on December 31, 2006 was US$1,500,000.
2)Liabilities: 負債
funds provided by the creditors. creditor債權人,賒銷方
– current liabilities 當期負債
non-current liabilities 長期負債
total liabilities
account payable應付帳款
loan貸款
advance from customers 預收款
bond債券(由政府發行, government bond /treasury bond政府債券,國庫券)
debenture債券 (由有限公司發行)
3)Owners』 equity: 所有者權益 (Net assets)
funds provided by the investors. Investor 投資者
– paid in capital (contributed capital) 實收資本
– shares /capital stock (u.s.) 股票
retained earnings 留存收益
同時記住幾個單詞dividend 分紅
beginning retained earnings ending retained earnings
– reserve 儲備金 (資產重估儲備金,股票溢價帳戶)
e.g.The company offered/issued 10,000 shares at the price of US$2.30 each.
4)Revenue: 收入
sales revenue銷售收入
interest revenue利息收入
rent revenue租金收入
5)Expense: 費用
cost of sales銷售成本,
wages expense工資費用
6)Profit (income, gain):利潤 net profit, net income
5.Financial statement 財務報表
1)balance sheet 資產負債表
2)income statement 利潤表
3)statement of retained earnings 所有者權益變動表
4)cash flow statement 現金流量表
6.Accounting cycle
1)journal entries 日記帳
general journal 總日記帳
general ledger 總分類帳
trial balance試算平衡表
adjusting entries 調整分錄
adjusted trial balance調整後的 試算平衡表
Financial statements 財務報表
closing entry 完結分錄
2)Dr.—Debit 借 Cr.—Credit 貸
Double-entry system 複式記帳
7.Exercise 練習
1)purchases of inventory in cash for RMB¥3,000 現金人民幣3,000元購買存貨
Dr.inventory 3,000
借:存貨 3,000
Cr.cash 3,000
貸:現金 3,000
2)sales on account of US$10,000 賒銷方式銷售,收入10,000美元
Dr.account receivable 10,000 .
借:應收帳款 10,000
Cr.sales revenue 10,000
貸:銷售收入 10,000
3)paid RMB¥50,000 in salaries & wages 支付工資人民幣50,000元
Dr.wages & salaries expense 50,000
借:職工薪酬 50,000
Cr.bank deposit 50,000
貸:銀行存款 50,000
4)cash sale of US$1,180 銷售收入現金1,180美元
Dr. cash 1,180
借:現金 1,180
Cr. sales revenue 1,180
貸:銷售收入1,180
5)pre-paid insurance for US$12,000 預付保險費12,000美元
Dr.prepaid insurance 12,000
借:預付保險 12,000
Cr. bank deposit 12,000
貸:銀行存款 12,000
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(金融+會計+商務) 英語學習圈
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