託福獨立寫作 —— 「舉例論證」套路深
"exemplification"是託福獨立寫作行文論證中的一個要點。
今天,我們以2019年5月4日和2018年9月2日的真題為例給大家一些關於exemplification的建議(內容、篇幅、位置、技巧)。
2018年9月2日 獨立寫作題目
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The best way for a teacher to help students get interested in a subject is to explain how this subject will help students live better outside school.
寫作範文
【立場:同意】
【下文的(長)段落是一個舉例論證的經典用法】
段落開始是中心句:First, when students are fully aware that what they learn have economic benefits, they are likely to put in time and energy for the sake of money.
然後,用例子去詮釋道理:For instance, a teacher of writing may fail when the teacher tries to interest the students with big reasons like brain development or a display of intellect. As a matter of fact, the teacher could relate the proficiency in writing togood argumentation skills. The teacher could let the students know that when bargaining with employers over salaries, employees need to make a compelling case, and that learning writing is to foster the skills in developing a good line of reasoning. Students may be motivated as a result.
這個例子的篇幅為88 words。例子結束時,段落的行文就結束了。
【下文的(短)段落仍然是舉例論證的經典用法】
段落開始時說兩句(最多三句)道理:Teachers could also demonstrate other practical uses of a subject, such as dating and socializing. Students may be intrigued since these activities are essential in one’s personal life.
然後,用例子去詮釋道理:One of my peer teachers always tells his students that knowing fun facts of history can impress girls. As the boys in the class hear that, they show great interest in History. Obviously, which of the boys does not want to create a good impression on the girl he likes?
這個例子的篇幅為50 word。例子結束時,段落的行文就結束了。
這兩個段落都是把例子放在了最經典的位置:講述道理之後。並且,例子的結束就是段落的結束。
例子的內容都是有細節的:兩個例子裡都提及了具體 subject以及對應的具體benefit。
2019年5月4日 獨立寫作題目
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The most important goal of education is to teach people how to educate themselves.
寫作範文
【立場:同意】
段落開始時說一句道理(不是段落中心句,而是道理的開始):Some knowledge, constantly updated, is not permanent and may expire.
然後立刻用一個例子去詮釋道理(例子沒有出現在道理完全說完的時候,而是立刻詮釋上一句:For example, in the worlds of physics and chemistry, some equations, principles or formulas that used to be gold have been disproven.
這個例子的篇幅為22 word。
繼續講道理(依託例子),並且把道理講完:In this constant change, no educational institutions are able to teach all of the knowledge about the world in the given time, and a person needs to possess the ability to learn independently after the time, and the ability needs to be fostered when the person is still in school.
然後,用例子去詮釋道理(但是在例子出現前,有一個短句過渡):This is important. 例子出現,詮釋道理的主要部分:Take my father as an example, and he can well represent the whole generation whose knowledge learned during their college years may be outdated. Thanks to their ability to educate themselves developed during the college time, they are able to keep pace with the updates of knowledge and are still active in the workplace. They would otherwise be replaced with the younger workforce, whose education teaches the latest knowledge.
這個例子的篇幅為69 word。例子結束時,段落的行文就結束了。
這個段落裡,有兩個例子,一「大」一「小」。 兩個例子的內容是有細節的:具體的 subjects,具體的人物。
大例子出現在最經典的位置:講述道理完畢,例子出現。並且,例子的結束就是段落的結束。值得注意的是:這個段落裡的「小」例子是適時的出現在講道理的過程中的,而不是等道理全部講完再有例子。看來,舉例論證並不一定是一個論證段落裡只能有一個例子,當一句話描述一個道理後,都可以立刻用一個例子去詮釋。當然,這個段落裡,最後又回到了經典結構,道理說完時,「大」例子壓軸。
那麼,問題來了:是不是主體部分的段落都需要經典形式的「大」例子壓軸呢?下一期寫作範文為你揭曉……
託福獨立寫作 —— 「舉例論證」套路深 這個套路你學會了嗎?