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中國水稻研究所水稻品質遺傳改良創新團隊綜述了無機砷在水稻中的相關毒性機制及其緩解策略，為水稻低砷積累種質創製與分子設計育種、低砷稻米安全生產技術集成應用等稻米安全品質方面提供了重要的理論依據。相關成果發表於Journal of Hazardous Materials（IF=9.038）。
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Highlights
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) poses a serious global health risk to the human population due to its toxic and carcinogenic nature.
The recent advances in the alleviation of iAs toxicity in rice plant are reviewed.
Application of biotechnology and nanotechnology strategies in the management of iAs toxicity in rice plant are reported.
Challenges limiting the applicability of these strategies are discussed.
Future research directions that can be utilized in managing iAs toxicity in rice plant have also been proposed.
Abstract
Direct or indirect exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) in the forms of AsIII (arsenite) and AsV (arsenate) through consumption of As-contaminated food materials and drinking water leads to arsenic poisoning. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant potentially accumulates a high amount of iAs from paddy fields than any other cereal crops. This makes it to be a major source of iAs especially among the population that uses it as their dominant source of diet. The accumulation of As in human bodies poses a serious global health risk to the human population. Various conventional methods have been applied to reduce the arsenic accumulation in rice plant. However, the success rate of these techniques is low. Therefore, the development of efficient and effective methods aimed at lowering iAs toxicity is a very crucial public concern. With the current advancement in technology, new strategies aimed at addressing this concern are being developed and utilized in various parts of the world. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the management of iAs in rice plants emphasizing the use of nanotechnology and biotechnology approaches. Also, the prospects and challenges facing these approaches are described.
砷是廣泛分布於自然界、在食物鏈中常見的具有金屬性質的有害類金屬元素，由於其解毒方法與重金屬類似，因此在環境汙染歸類中將砷作為重金屬元素，是俗稱的「五毒（鉛、汞、鎘、鉻、砷）」之一，慢性砷中毒可引起皮膚病變、神經、消化和心血管系統障礙等。單質砷無毒性，而砷化合物均有毒性。按砷化合物性質可分為無機砷和有機砷，無機砷毒性強於有機砷，三價砷毒性強於五價砷，而土壤中砷的形態主要以五價砷和三價砷的無機形式存在。在水稻中砷（尤其是無機砷）的過度積累，對大米消費人群構成了潛在的健康風險。已有研究表明，水稻中積累的無機砷含量遠高於其他穀類作物，大米中無機砷含量極顯著高於有機砷。
該研究系統總結了水稻中無機砷吸收、代謝及解毒的分子機制及關鍵功能基因，概述了土壤pH值、氧化還原電位、土壤微生物群落組成及活性、礦質元素種類和有機質含量等生物和非生物因素對稻田中砷形態和遷移能力的影響，闡述了目前水稻中使用的砷解毒或低砷積累技術方法及其存在的問題。最後，綜合生物技術、納米技術和大田栽培管理措施等提出了砷低積累稻米安全生產技術要素。
責任編輯：宋瀟
校對和審核：張陽 王農