同學們都知道coherence and cohesion是雅思寫作四項評分標準之一,但是關於對它的認知,很多人還僅僅停留在連接詞層面上,例如 「firstly, secondly,thirdly...lastly」, 「in addition」 , 「what’s more」.諸如此類大家閉著眼睛都能脫口而出的連接詞的運用已經在歷次考試和各種寫作講義中屢見不鮮了。但其實這些都是明連接,想要使我們的文章在內容和形式上得到進一步深化,只運用明連接是遠遠不夠的。
在了解連接手段之前,我們先「科普」一下coherence 和cohesion的確切含義和區別。Coherence 中文譯名為「連貫」,它要求我們關注文章的整體(宏觀)結構並且在文本中建立思想的聯繫和組織,以創造統一;而cohesion中文譯名為「銜接」, 它需要我們注意單詞和句子之間的聯繫。簡而言之,coherence關注的是文章主題的展開和延伸,而cohesion處理的是文章內部各單位(詞、句子、段落)之間的連接。可以說coherence是通過cohesion的種種手段才得以實現的。因此,想要使文章邏輯順暢,語言通順,立意明確,cohesion是一個切入點。那麼,cohesion 都包含哪些方法呢?
雅思寫作task2中,我建議同學們寫成四段式,這是最常見的格式,也最好操作。四段依次為開頭段、主體段1(立論段)、主體段2(反駁段)和結論段,其中兩個主體段順序可以靈活處理,但對立關係不變。由於連貫和銜接主要是針對主體段而言,這裡我們只強調主體段寫法。
常用表達有這些:
題型分類
反駁段開頭
觀點段開頭
AD類
(agree/disagree)
1. Some people think that....This is because...
2. Some people are against my statement, and reasons are given below.
1. However, it is important to remember that...
2. However, this is unlikely as...
3. However, this does not mean that...
題型分類
一方觀點
另一方觀點
DG類
(discuss both views and give your own opinion)
1. Some people believe that____(句子).This idea is based on the belief that____(句子).
2. Some people argue against the statement that ____(句子). They hold the view that____(句子).
1. The other side of the argument is also reasonable.
2. However, it is also a fact that....
題型分類
觀點段
反駁段
利弊類
(advantage/disadvantage)
1. It is widely acknowledged____(名詞)contributes to____(名詞).
2. By doing ____(名詞), sb. can gain____(名詞)and____(名詞).
3. On one hand, there are many advantages of ____(名詞)
1. On the other hand, _____(名詞)will unaccountably cause some conflicts.
2. Despite those merits of___(名詞),there are some potential drawbacks.
3. On the other hand, there are also some disadvantages that cannot be ignored.
題型分類
原因段
解決措施段
Report類
(cause/effect/solution)
1. ____(名詞) are probably responsible for this.
2. Factors such as ...all contribute to...
1. People often complain about this problem and measures should be taken to change the situation.
2. Perhaps______(名詞)are needed to help them to do this...
以上就是我們本篇涉及的內容:段落之間的銜接手段和表達,下篇內容將涉及句與句之間的連接,請烤鴨們時刻關注環球教育公眾號,留意我們更新的最新內容哦!
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