考點三、考查虛擬語氣
例3.(2016·浙江,15)________(have)the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.
【答案】Had
【變式探究】【2015·重慶】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A.didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
【答案】D
【解析】句意:沒有他戰時的經驗,海明威就不可能寫出著名的小說永別了武器。根據without his wartime experience沒有戰時的經歷,可知表示對於過去的否定猜測,故主句用would have done,因此選D項。
1.(2016·浙江,15)________(have)the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.
【答案】Had
【解析】句意:如果政府和科學家不共同努力,與愛滋病相關的死亡就不會從2005年的最高點下降。這是一個省略了從屬連詞if的虛擬語氣句,使用了倒裝句式。根據主句的would not have fallen可知,這裡是表示過去的虛擬語氣,所以用had。
2.(2016·浙江,17)George can't ________(go)too far.His coffee is still warm.
【答案】have gone
【解析】句意:喬治不可能走得太遠了。他的咖啡仍然是溫的。can't have done是對過去的否定推測。
3.(2016·北京,34)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week?If you ________(tell)me,I could have helped.
【答案】had told
1.(2015·北京,29)—Can't you stay a little longer?
—It's getting late.I really go now.My daughter is home alone.
解析 句意:——你不能再多待一會兒嗎?——天要黑了,我真的現在必須走了,我的女兒獨自呆在家裡。must必須。
答案 must
2.(2015·浙江,4)It was so noisy that we not hear ourselves speak.
解析 句意:太吵鬧了,我們連自己說的話都聽不到。can/could表示「能力,能夠」。根據前面的was可知,此處要用過去時could。
答案 could
3.(2015·重慶,12)You be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
解析 句意:你一定是Carol,這些年以來你一點都沒變。must一定,表示推測,符合句意。
答案 must
4.(2015·陝西,21)You feel all the training a waste of time,but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.
解析 句意:你也許會認為所有的培訓都是浪費時間,但是我百分之百的保證你以後會感激你所做的事情。考查情態動詞。根據後文的描述可以看出此處培訓還沒有結束,是一種不肯定的推測語氣。
答案 may
5.(2015·四川,2)You be careful with the camera.It costs!
解析 考查情態動詞。句意:你一定要非常小心對待照相機,它很昂貴。此處表示命令語氣。
答案 must
6.(2015·福建,27)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad.You have made full preparations.
答案 should
7.(2015·天津,7)I have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
解析 句意:在來到新學校前我本不必擔心,因為在新學校我的同班同學對我很友好。考查情態動詞。needn't have done...本不必做的事做了。
答案 needn't
8.(2015·北京,34)If I (see)it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.
解析 句意:如果不是親眼看到,我就不會相信這件事。由主句中的謂語動詞wouldn't have believed 可知是對過去情況的虛擬,虛擬條件句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。
答案 hadn't seen
9.(2015·重慶,7)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway (write)his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
解析 句意:要是沒有戰爭經歷的話,海明威就不會寫出他著名的小說《永別了,武器》。根據句中的without his wartime experiences可知描述的是過去的事情,對過去的假設主句部分用would/could/should/might+have done。根據句意要用否定形式,故答案為wouldn't have written。
答案 wouldn't have written
10.(2015·陝西,23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance)as well as her.
解析 句意:艾倫是一位出色的舞者,我希望我能像他跳的那麼好。考查虛擬語氣。wish後跟賓語從句時,從句中需要用虛擬語氣,從句中用did表示對現在事實的虛擬。
答案 danced
11.(2015·天津,13)I wish I (be)at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
解析 句意:我希望上個星期二我出席了姐姐的婚禮,但那時我正在紐約出差中。考查虛擬語氣。wish後的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣,對過去發生過的事情的虛擬要用過去完成時。
答案 had been
12.(2015·安徽,32)It is lucky we booked a room, or we (have)nowhere to stay now.
答案 would have