川研教育——英語(二)學習小技巧六十
定語從句
一 定語從句的概述
定語是在句子中起修辭名詞的作用,當這個定語變成一個句子的時候,就是一個定語從句修辭名詞,表達的意思和信息量也比較複雜了。
I don’t like lazy people.
I don’t like people who never keep their words.
二.關係詞在定語從句中充當的成分
㈠. 定語從句的兩個重要概念:先行詞和關係詞、
1. 先行詞是被定語從句所修飾的對象。
I don’t like people (先行詞)who(關係詞)never keep their words.
2. 關係詞:重複指代先行詞,起連接主句和從句的作用,並在從句中充當成分。
關係詞有關係代詞:that, who, whom, whose, which;
關係副詞:when, where, why.
使用什麼關係詞,是由被修飾的先行詞在從句中所做的成分決定的。
㈡. 關係詞在定語從句中充當的成分。
⑴.關係詞用作從句的主語,
關係詞用who, 表人;
which 表單一名詞,短語,以及一個句子;
that可表人,也可表示物,表物的時候不能用在介詞後,不指代一個句子。
1. The woman is a famous dancer and she lives next door.
→The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer.
2. I like guys and they have a good sense of humor.
→I like guys who have a good sense of humor.
3. We are studying sentences. They contain adjective clauses.
→ We are studyingsentences which/that contain adjective clauses.
⑵.關係詞用作從句中的賓語。
(who, whom, that, which)這些做賓語的關係代詞,只要不在介詞後面,都可以省略。
1. I』d really like to find a friend and I can trust him completely.
I』d really like to find a friend who I can trust completely.
2. I’m talking about friends and you can share almost everything with them.
I’m talking about friends who/that you can share almost everything with.
I’m talking about friends with whom you can share almost everything.
3.Tell us all things that you know.
Tell us all thing you know.
⑶. 表示人或物的所有關係,用whose
1. I know a friend. His brother is a pop singer.
I know a friend whose brother is a pop singer.
2. These children sit in a schoolroom. Its windows are all broken.
These children sit in a schoolroom whose windows are all broken.
⑷. 關係副詞when, where, why的用法,
1. when 引導的定語從句,其先行詞是表示時間的名詞,如day, year 或time等,在定從中做時間狀語。
April Fool’s Day is that special day of the year when you should play a joke on someone!
Most education experts today stress the importance of 「life-long learning」. They point out that education never ends. It is a continuous process. The day when we stop learning is that day when we die.
My favorite season is spring, when the earth seems born again.
比較下面的句子:
→I』ll never forget the time which I spent on campus.
→I』ll never forget the time when we first met in the park.
→The day, which began brightly, ended with a violent storm.
2. Where在從句中做地點狀語
This is the town where I spent my childhood.
This is the town which I told you about before.
The library where students often study was on fire last night.
The library, which was built in the 1930’s, needs to be renovated.
3. Why在從句中表示原因
This is the reason why I didn’t come here