關係代名詞的功用→連接詞+代名詞
例：1. I have a friend. The friend lives in Paris. (我有一位住在巴黎的朋友。)
→I have a friend and he lives in Paris.
→I have a friend who lives in Paris.
※國語：住在巴黎的朋友
英語：a friend who lives in Paris
※語順為先行詞+關係代名詞, 但也有下列句子：
例：There was an old man in the apartment who was very rich.
(這公寓以前住著一位非常富有的老人。)
2. I met two girls, one of whom is my cousin. (我遇到兩位女孩, 其中一位是我表妹。)
關係代名詞的種類
格先行 詞主格所有格黨格人whowhosewhom事物、動物 whichwhosewhich 人、事物、動物that× that※格的用法
格例 主格+動詞 the man who talked to me所有格+動詞the man whose car was stolen 受格+主詞+動詞the man whom I met主格的關係代名詞
(1)主格who→先行詞(人)+主格關係代名詞who +動詞
例：1. The man is my father. The man wears sunglasses.
→The man who wears sunglasses is my father. (戴太陽眼鏡的人是我爸。)
2. I don't like people. They get out of temper easily.
→I don't like people who get out of temper easily. (我不喜歡容易發脾氣的人。)
(2)主格which→先行詞 (事物；動物)+主格關係代名詞which +動詞
例：1. I live in the house. The house stands on the hill.
→I live in the house which stands on the hill. (我住在那棟位於山丘上的房子裡。)
2. English is a language. It is spoken all over the world.
→English is a language which is spoken all over the world. (英語是全世界通用的語言。)
(3)主格關代that+先行詞(人、事物；動物)+主格關係代名詞that+動詞
例：1. People, who / that help doctors and look after patients are called nurses.
(幫忙醫生照顧病人的人稱為護士。)
2. I like the building which / that was designed by Mr. Wu. (我喜歡這棟被吳先生設計出來的大樓。)
※主格的關係代名詞其後所接的動詞, 須與先行詞的單複數一致。
例：l. Tom is one of the boys who are fond of sports. (湯姆是那些喜歡運動的男孩其中之一。)
2. I know a child who is good at surfing. (我認識一位很會衝浪的小孩。)
3. Adults don't like children who tell lies. (大人不喜歡會說謊的小孩。)
※that的不同用法
(1)指示代名詞
例：The weather in Kaohsiung is hotter than that in Taipei. (高雄的天氣比臺北的天氣熱。)
(2)指示形容詞
例：Look at that dog. (看那隻狗。)
(3)關係代名詞
例：The boy that is playing the guitar is Jimmy. (正在彈吉他的男孩是吉米。)
(4)連接詞
例：I think that honesty is the best policy. (我認為誠實為上策。)
所有格的關係代名詞
所有格whose→先行詞(人；事物；動物)+所有格關係代名詞whose+名詞
例：1. I know a girl. Her father is a journalist.
→I know a girl whose father is a journalist. (我認識一位她的爸爸是新聞記者的女孩。)
2. Look at the house. Its roof was damaged.
→Look at the house whose roof was damaged. (看那棟屋頂破損的房子。)
受格的關係代名詞
(1)受格whom→先行詞(人)+受格關係代名詞whom +主詞 +動詞+(介系詞)
※口語中, 受格關代whom也可用who代替。
例：1. The man is a teacher. She married him.
→The man whom / who she married is a teacher. (她嫁的對象是位老師。)
2. The woman has just left the office. You want to see her.
→The woman whom / who you want to see has just left the office.
(那位你要見的女人剛剛離開辦公室。)
(2)受格which→先行詞(事物；動物)+受格關係代名詞which +主詞+動詞+ (介系詞)
例：1. Here is a magazine. I borrowed it from Miss Wang.
→Here is a magazine which I borrowed from Miss Wang. (這裡有一本我向王老師借的雜誌。)
2. Remember the advice. I gave you the advice.
→ Remember the advice which I gave you. (記得我給你的忠告。)
(3)受格that→先行詞(人；事物；動物)+受格關係代名詞that +主詞+動詞+(介系詞)
例：1. The little girl is very cute. My dad is talking to her.
→The little girl that / whom / who my dad is talking to is very cute.
(正和我爸聊天的小女孩非常可愛。)
2. The sandwiches that / which we ate for lunch were not delicious. (我們午餐吃的三明治不好吃。)
特別注意的關係代名詞
(1)受格的關係代名詞可省略
例：Soccer is the sport which / that I like (the) best.
→Soccer is the sport I like (the )best. (足球是我最喜歡的運動。)
(2)介系詞+受格關係代名詞
例：1. The woman whom / that you are speaking of is our principal.
→The woman you are speaking of is our principal.
→The woman of whom you are speaking is our principal.(你提到的女人是我們的校長。)
※介系詞放關係代名詞前, 關代不可用that, 也不可省略。
2. The train which / that I am waiting for is now half an hour late.
→The train lam waiting for is now half an hour late.
→The train for which I am waiting is now half an hour late.
(我在等的這班火車現在已經誤點半小時了。)
(3)關係代名詞只用that
先行詞前有最高級
例：Today is the coldest day (that) we've ever experienced. (今天是我們經歷過最寒冷的一天。)
先行詞前有序數
例：Kenny was the first boy that rushed out of the classroom. (肯尼是首位衝出教室的男孩)
先行詞為人、事物或動物同時出現
例：Take a look at the boy and his dog that are coming this way. (看看朝這邊走來的男孩和他的狗。)
先行詞前有疑問詞who(誰)、which(哪一個)
例：l. Who that has seen the photos of starving children does not want to help them?
(在看過那些受飢餓的小孩照片之後有誰不想幫助他們的嗎?)
2. Which was the bag that you left in the train? (你遺留的火車上的袋子是那一個？)
先行詞有all, no, every, any, ……thing, ……one
例：1. All (that) / What students have to do is (to) study hard. (學生必須做的事就是用功讀書。)
2. She has everything that a woman could wish for. (她擁有每樣身為女人渴望擁有的東西。)
先行詞前有the only, the same, the very
例：l. He was the only one that trusted me. (他是唯一相信我的人。)
2. This is the very novel that I've looked for. (這正是我一直在找的小說。)
※口訣：1. 最高級、序數、人+物、避免重複。2. all, no, every, any, the……
(4)限定用法及非限定用法
限定用法→對先行詞的內容加以限定
例：They had two daughters who became actresses.
(他們有兩位當了演員的女兒。) →句中未提到女兒的總數
非限定用法→對先行詞不加限定, 僅有使句子連貫的功能
例：They had two daughters, who became actresses.
(他們有兩位女兒, 都當了演員。) →明確地表明只有兩位女兒
比較：
限定1.沒有逗號
2. 可用that代替
3. 受格關代可省略
The old man has a son who/that lives in Taipei. →不只一個兒子 非限定1.有逗號
2. 不可用that代替
3. 關代不可省略
The old man has a son, who lives in Taipei. →只有一個兒子例：1. I, who am your best friend, certainly will help you. (我身為你最好的朋友, 一定會幫你。)
2. My brother, who is a dentist, is studying in the US. (我的哥哥是位牙醫, 現在正在美國進修。)
(5)關係代名詞的同義表現
①名詞+主格關係代名詞+動詞→名詞+現在分詞(主動)
例：There is a notice that says, " No parking."
→There is a notice saying, " No parking." (有個告示牌上面寫著禁止停車。)
②名詞+主格關係代名詞+be動詞+過去分詞→名詞+過去分詞(被動)
例：This is a cake which was made by Mrs. White.
→This is a cake made by Mrs. White. (這是由懷特太太所做的蛋糕。)
③名詞+who +have / has / had... →名詞+ with / having...
例：
She is a girl who has blond hair.
→She is a girl having blond hair.
→She is a girl with blond hair. (她是位有金髮的女孩。)
修飾名詞的字、片語、子句
(1)置於名詞前的形容詞、分詞
①形容詞+名詞→形容詞一般多位於名詞前
例：a red flower (一朵紅花)
② 現在分詞+名詞→單獨一個字的現在分詞位於名詞前, 表"進行"或"主動"。
例：a blooming flower (→朵盛開的花)
③ 過去分詞+名詞→單獨一個字的過去分詞位於名詞前, 表"完成"或"被動"。
例：a fallen flower (一朵落花)
(2)置於名詞後的形容詞、形容詞片語、形容詞子句
①~thing / ~body +形容詞
例：something interesting (某件有趣的事)
②名詞+形容詞片語→由介系詞、分詞、不定詞引導
例：l. The pen on the desk is mine. (書桌上的筆是我的。)
2. Will you give me a pen
(請你給我一枝筆寫字好嗎？)
3. He drew a cat sleeping on the chair. (他畫了一隻在椅子上睡覺的貓。)
4. This is the window broken by Tom. (這就是湯姆打破的窗戶。)
③名詞+形容詞子句→由關係代名詞引導
例：Do you think the lady who wears a dress is pretty?
→Do you think the lady wearing a dress is pretty?
→Do you think the lady in a dress is pretty? (你認為穿著洋裝的女士漂亮嗎？)