來源：文都教育
動詞-ing形式包括doing現在分詞與動名詞。這篇文章主要講動詞的現在分詞形式。動詞的現在分詞形式內容上屬於動詞概念，但是從使用角度來講，在句子當中往往充當形容詞（作定語或賓語補足語）和副詞（做狀語）的角色。
1．作賓語補足語：
在感官動詞和使役動詞作謂語時，並與要加補語進行補充說明，否則句子表達不完整。常見動詞有：五看：see, watch, notice, observe, look at；三使：make, let, have；兩聽：hear, listen to；感覺：feel, 還有find, get, keep, leave, catch等。
Jerry saw Tom falling from the high building. 傑瑞看見湯姆從高樓上掉了下來。
Tom found it interesting to keep Jerry having waited for the whole afternoon. 湯姆覺得讓傑瑞等了一下午很有趣。
2．作定語：
當分詞單獨做定語時，放在所修飾的名詞前（前置定語）；如果是分詞短語做定語，放在名詞後（後置定語）。
You should be allowed to use 100 words to describe the following chart. 你可以用100個單詞描述下面這幅圖表。
The person talking to Cindy is Kimi. 跟Cindy聊天的那個人是Kimi。
【知識拓展】現在分詞作定語相當於一個定語從句的句法功能，如：the following chart也可用the chart that
followed; the person talking to the Cindy可改為the person who is talking to Cindy。
3．作狀語：
1)作時間狀語：
(While) Working in the university, Tom was an outstanding teacher. 在大學工作時，他是一名出色的教師。
2)作原因狀語：
Being a communist, Leifeng was always helping others. 由於是共產黨員，雷鋒經常幫助他人。
3)作方式狀語，表示伴隨：
Tom stayed at home, cleaning, washing and taking care of the children. 湯姆待在家裡，又擦又洗還帶孩子。
4）作條件狀語：
(If) Spending the college years in playing Dota, you will waste your valuable time. 要是大學時代都花時間打Dota了，你就會浪費寶貴的時間。
5）作結果狀語：
Tom dropped the glasses onto the ground, breaking it into pieces. 湯姆把眼鏡掉地上了，結果摔得粉碎。
6）作目的狀語：
Tom went fishing the other day. 幾天前湯姆去釣魚了。
7）作讓步狀語：
Though having rained heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
8）與邏輯主語構成獨立主格：
Tom walking on the field, a bird shitted on his head．湯姆在田野裡散步時，一隻鳥把屎拉在了他頭上。
All the railway tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的火車票已經賣光了，他們失望地離開了。
Time permitting, we'll go shopping. 如果時間允許，我們將逛一會街。
【注意】有時也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式的複合結構表示伴隨的形式。如：
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點著燈睡著了。
9）作獨立成分：
Judging from (by) his appearance, she must be a spy. 從外表看，她一定是個間諜。
Generally speaking, boys are less careful. 一般說來，男孩子表較粗心。
Having seen a man of virtue, we should try to become his equal.
Having seen a man without virtue, we should examine ourselves not to have the same defects.
見賢思齊焉；見不賢而內自省。
Raising my head, I see the moon so bright;
Withdrawing my eyes, I miss my hometown.
舉頭望明月；低頭思故鄉。