一、賓語從句分類
1、動詞的賓語從句(動賓從句)
大多數及物動詞都可以帶賓語從句。
部分「動詞+副詞」結構也可以帶賓語從句。
動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句,常見的這些詞有:
make sure(確保)、make up one’s mind(下決心)、keep in mind(牢記)
可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句
動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等後面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句後置。
有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語從句前加it(雙賓語)這類動詞主要有:
hate,take,owe,have,see,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tell
2、介詞的賓語從句(介賓從句)
用whether之類的介詞賓語從句。
用that,if引導的介詞賓語從句,有時候except,but,besides三個介詞後可見到that引導的賓語從句。
3、形容詞的賓語從句(形賓從句)
有些形容詞具有動詞的含義,所以也可以帶一個賓語從句;
例句:
I am sorry I am late.
I am glad that you can join us.
Are you sure his answer is right?
二、賓語從句時態
1、主句是一般現在時,從句根據實際情況使用任何時態。例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2、主句是一般過去時,從句須用過去時態的某種形式。例句:She was sorry that she hadn't finished her work on time.
3、當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實真理時,即使主句是過去時,從句也用一般現在時態。例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
三、賓語從句語序
賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即:連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。即:連接代詞/副詞+陳述句語序。例句:
I don't know what they are looking for.
Could you tell me when the train will leave?
Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
四、賓語從句的用法
1、that引導賓語從句無意義,不充當句子成分常省略。但下列情況除外:
.介詞賓語從句的that不能省略。
.and連接的兩個從句,兩個從句的that不能省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
.在動詞+it+賓語補足語+賓語從句結構中,that不省略。
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time.
2、Whether,if 引導賓語從句,兩詞可互換。
例句:I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否還會有公交車。
例句:Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
沒人知道他是否會通過考試。
但是下列情形,Whether,if 不能互換。
.whether從句中有or not
例句:I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
.whether從句做介詞賓語
例句:Everything depends on whether you agree with us.
3、連接代詞或連接副詞引導
英語中的連接代詞有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。
例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英語中的連接副詞有:when,where,why,how,在句中擔任狀語的成分。
例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
4、許多帶複合賓語的句子,賓語從句經常移到句子後部,而用it做形式賓語。結構是:
主語 + 動詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞等賓語補足語 + 賓語從句
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.