AQP5揭示了胃幹細胞和胃癌起源
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/2/10 9:55:37
新加坡科技研究局Nick Barker研究組的最新研究發現AQP5豐富了對遠端胃中的幹細胞和胃癌起源的認知。2020年2月5日,國際學術期刊《自然》在線發表了這一成果。
研究人員通過沿小鼠胃腸道LGR5 +幹細胞群體的比較分析鑑定,並在功能上驗證膜蛋白AQP5可作為小鼠和人類成年幽門幹細胞的標誌物。研究人員利用新生的Aqp5-creERT2小鼠模型發現,AQP5 +隔室內的幹細胞是WNT驅動的體內侵入性胃癌細胞的來源。此外,腫瘤駐留的AQP5 +細胞可以在體外選擇性啟動類器官生長,這表明該種細胞包含潛在的癌症幹細胞。在人類中,AQP5主要在腸道和瀰漫性亞型的胃癌中(以及在這些亞型的轉移中)表達,並且與健康組織相比,常表現出細胞定位的改變。這些新近鑑定出的標記物和小鼠模型將為破譯胃癌早期形成以及人胃幹細胞的分離和表徵提供寶貴資源,這也為臨床上利用這些細胞進行再生醫學提供了可能。
據介紹,LGR5標記了小鼠幽門胃腺體基部的成年上皮幹細胞,但是由於缺乏可用於其分離和驗證的表面標記物,因此其等效的人類幹細胞群體仍然未知。在腸道癌的小鼠模型中,WNT途徑過度激活後,LGR5 +腸道幹細胞是癌症細胞的主要來源。然而,WNT信號通路失調後幽門LGR5 +幹細胞對胃癌進展的作用是未知的(這是人類胃癌中的常見事件)。
附:英文原文
Title: AQP5 enriches for stem cells and cancer origins in the distal stomach
Author: Si Hui Tan, Yada Swathi, Shawna Tan, Jasmine Goh, Ryo Seishima, Kazuhiro Murakami, Masanobu Oshima, Toshikatsu Tsuji, Phyllis Phuah, Liang Thing Tan, Esther Wong, Aliya Fatehullah, Taotao Sheng, Shamaine Wei Ting Ho, Heike I. Grabsch, Supriya Srivastava, Ming Teh, Simon L. I. J. Denil, Seri Mustafah, Patrick Tan, Asim Shabbir, Jimmy So, Khay Guan Yeoh, Nick Barker
Issue&Volume: 2020-02-05
Abstract:LGR5 marks resident adult epithelial stem cells at the gland base in the mouse pyloric stomach1, but the identity of the equivalent human stem cell population remains unknown owing to a lack of surface markers that facilitate its prospective isolation and validation. In mouse models of intestinal cancer, LGR5+ intestinal stem cells are major sources of cancer following hyperactivation of the WNT pathway2. However, the contribution of pyloric LGR5+ stem cells to gastric cancer following dysregulation of the WNT pathway—a frequent event in gastric cancer in humans3—is unknown. Here we use comparative profiling of LGR5+ stem cell populations along the mouse gastrointestinal tract to identify, and then functionally validate, the membrane protein AQP5 as a marker that enriches for mouse and human adult pyloric stem cells. We show that stem cells within the AQP5+ compartment are a source of WNT-driven, invasive gastric cancer in vivo, using newly generated Aqp5-creERT2 mouse models. Additionally, tumour-resident AQP5+ cells can selectively initiate organoid growth in vitro, which indicates that this population contains potential cancer stem cells. In humans, AQP5 is frequently expressed in primary intestinal and diffuse subtypes of gastric cancer (and in metastases of these subtypes), and often displays altered cellular localization compared with healthy tissue. These newly identified markers and mouse models will be an invaluable resource for deciphering the early formation of gastric cancer, and for isolating and characterizing human-stomach stem cells as a prerequisite for harnessing the regenerative-medicine potential of these cells in the clinic.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1973-x
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1973-x