Phonics,即字母拼讀法(又譯自然拼音)是自然形成的一種發音規則,它主要教授英文字母(letter)與語音(sound)間的對應關係,是美國、加拿大本土孩子的必修課程。在初級英語中70%的單詞在拼讀時都是有規律可循的。一旦掌握了這種發音規則就不必去翻查字典而能夠順利地將單詞讀出。一旦孩子們學習了這種不用音標的發音規律可以很快學會拼讀不認識的單詞,提前進入閱讀領域,使英語學習變得簡單、快樂、有趣。
為什麼要學 Phonics?
Phonics教學在美國至少已經有百年以上的歷史了。適當的Phonics教學,一直被認為是最有效、最直接教授母語閱讀的方法。美國學者Adams(1990)在PhonicsInstruction for the Nineties 裡指出,出現在初級閱讀材料中的詞彙,其語音和字母間的對應關係相當穩定。孩子通常能從出現頻率最高的37個音組中,拼出大約500個最常使用的詞彙。
國際音標 和Phonics的區別?
國際音標如同中文的拼音系統,是另外形成的輔助系統,是為母語不是英語的學習者所服務的。整個系統完整但規則相對抽象,對非母語系學習者確實相當有幫助。但學習一套全新的符號及其發音規則,對小學高年級或初中生都不是很容易。
Phonics 屬於英語拼字系統的內在機制,經過百多年來的發展和完善,已是美國孩子的必學課程。Phonics 更注重英文字母和其發音的對應關係,可以迅速提升英語閱讀能力。對於英語為母語的學習者,因為有口語優勢,在發現字母和發音的對應關係後,只要能把字的音念出來,就很容易聯想到該字的意思,能直接認字或拼字。而中國孩子雖然沒有母語背景、但Phonics 對於幫助認字、拼字、提高閱讀能力,及從小教授正確英語發音方面仍然具有巨大的積極意義。
總的來說,這兩者對中國學習者都是不可或缺的,只是適合學習的年齡段有所不同而已。只掌握音標,會造成現在很多中國孩子都有的碰到生詞就無法開口的現象。要知道除了字典,很少有國外書籍或繪本、讀本會標註音標哦,無法發音就會嚴重破壞閱讀的流暢性,進而影響到孩子的學習興趣。而只掌握Phonics,會讓孩子發現隨著學習深入到脫離初級英語範圍後,越來越多的單詞無法直接用Phonics拼出,發生和不少歐美人士一樣的閱讀困難現象。英語發展千百年來,不斷吸收各語種詞彙,而中國孩子缺乏口語環境,發生讀音差錯不足為奇。若能引入易學實用的Phonics,然後再系統學習國際音標,將使孩子受用終身!
英語自然拼讀學習的六階成功法
第一階:建立字母與字母自然發音之間的直接聯繫。
第二階:能夠成功拼讀元音+輔音(輔音+元音)。如:c-a caa-t at
第三階:能夠成功拼讀輔音+元音+輔音。如d-o-g dog
第四階:能夠成功拼讀雙音節或多音節單詞。如sw-ea-t-er sweater
第五階:能夠聽音辨字,即聽到單詞讀音就能拼出該單詞。
第六階:單詞量大量擴充,能夠閱讀英語文章。
1. 自然拼讀法的第一步是掌握二十六個字母的讀音 (Letter Sounds). 其中五個元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)發兩種音。
2. 第二步是進行單元音字母的拼讀練習,如: Sam, cat, mat, 等等.
3. 第三步, 是固定讀音的單詞 : the, a, is, to, have 等.
4. 第四步,是一個單詞裡有兩個元音時,前邊一個元音發字母音,後邊一個元音不發音,如: make, made, sea, five, nine, road等等.
5. 第五步, 是雙/三輔音在一起時怎麼聯讀, 如:bl(ack), str(eet)等;有一些輔音不發音,如: ghost,comb, lamb等;要掌握一下和"h"聯在一起的發音: ch, sh, th, wh。
6. 第六步,是特殊讀法:
單音節詞,以元音結尾, 這個元音發字母音.如: me, hi, go 等等
Irregular: ar (car), ay(hay, may, say), igh (high,night, might), ew (new), er (sister, brother), ur(burn, hurt), ir (girl, fir,firm), or (horn), eigh (eight), oi (oil, boil), oy(boy), ow等有其特別的發音."c" 和"k" 在一起時, 發一個音: quick, black等.
自然拼音拼讀練習表
第一天:a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_e
Aa : mat map bag cat hatfan bat apple
Ee:egg well red pen nethen bed bell
Ii: lick six bib pig pinkiss ink hill
Oo:ox on octopus boxsock operate ostrich
Uu:sun umbrella cup busnut gun uncle under
cape name tape lake gamemake take hate
these Japanese Chinese
bite five nine kite minenice ride side
rose nose rope note posehome rode those
tube cube June cute huge
第二天:ai ay ee ea ey ie ighoa ow ui ue
ai: tail rain paint painjail rail nailmaid
ay:bay ray way say haypay May lay
ee:reeds eel bee peeljeep feet see teeth
ea:sea meat peanut eaglepeach tea leaf pea
ey:donkey monkey jockeyturkey monkeyhockey key trolley
ie:tie pie lie die
igh:right sight nighttight hight fighthigh sigh
oa:road toast toad coalgoat boat coat soap
ow:rainbow pillow yellowwindow bowl rowhollow low
ui:suit juice fruit
ue:Sue blue glue true
第三天:ar er ir ur or
ar: arm car armchaircard cart farm parkgarden
er:sister brother underrooster wintermermaid marker mother
ir:birthday circus dirtybird circle dirtgirl
ur:turtle surfing turkeyfur hurt pursenurse
or:porch pork horse hornfort morning cornfork
第四天:ou ow oi oy au aw oo ooea
ou:house out mouth countfountain mountainshout mouse
ow:cow towel clown owlcrown brown flowertower
oi:coin oil point noiseboil soil poisoncoil
oy:oyster boy cowboy soytoy
au:august sause sausagenaughty autumnapplause
aw:paw draw saw strawstrawberry lawn
oo:moon zoo roof roosterboots food spoonroom cool fool boom foolish
oo:book cook good footlook hook
ea:head sweater sweatpear lead bearleather feather
第五天:ch sh wh ph th th kn wrmb
ch:beach lunch cheesebench church chickenchair cherry
sh:sheep shirt ship fishdish push shoesshovel
wh:whale white wheelwheat whip whistlewheelchair whisper
ph:photo elephanttelephone trophy pharmacyalphabet
th:brother featherleather father mother
th:thumb three bathmatthirsty thief bathmouth teeth
kn:knob knee knife knockknit
wr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreathwrite
mb:thumb lamb bomb combcrumb numb
第六天:bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr dr
bl:blue black blousebloom bleach blanket blondehair
fl: flat flu fly flameflute floor flagflower
pl:plane play plusplanet platform plumplate plant
cl:clock cloud cleanclay climb close clapclown
gl:glove globe glassglue glasses glider
br:bright brook brimbride brown breadbrick brother
cr:crown crab cream crowcrayon crocodilecry croissant
gr:gray green grassgrapes ground growgrandma
pr:prixe price prawn pressprince princesspray
fr:frog frost FridayFrench fries fruitfront friend frame
tr:tractor truck traintray tree triangletrunk trolley
dr:dream drum dry dropdraw drive dressdrink
第七天:sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew y
sm:smile small smellsmoke smooth
sn:snowman snow snoresnake snail sneakerssneakers snack
sl:slow slap sleep slideslope sled
sw:switch swallow swanswim sweet swingsweater sweat
sp:spider spaceshipspinach spoon spell
st:stockings store starstamp storm stickstudent stand
sc:scarf scooter scannerscarecrow scalescorpion scoop
sk:skunk skis skirtskates
all:call tall fall ballwall
ew:dew few view hew newnephew newspaper
Yy: sky fly dry spy typeshy cry my Yy :Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happybaby
自然拼音強化練習:Tongue twister
1.A big black bear saton a big black bug.
2.A big black bug bit abig black dog onhis big black nose!
3.Cat, Cat, catch thatfat rat.
4.A fat cat catches amad rat.
5.Blue glue gun, greenglue gun.
6.Black background,brown background.
7.A noisy noise annoysan oyster.
8.A good cook can cookgood cookies.
9.At noon I took a goodbook,andsat by the pool in the wood.I soon took off my boot.And put myfoot in thepool.Oh! How cool, how cool.
10.The hunter and hishuge horse hidebehind in house.
11. Betty better butterBrad's bread.
12.Two tiny tigers taketwo taxis to town.
13.The first is thefirst.The third is thethird.The third can be the first, The first can be thethird.
14.Sir, this girlwearing a dirty skirt isnot the first, but the third.
15.A flea and a fly flewup in a flue. Saidthe flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "Let usflee!" Sothey flew through a flaw in the flue.
16. I wish you were afish in my dish.
17.Jean's three sheepare near the greenjeep.
18.There are thirty-three thousand threehundred and thirty-three feathers on that bird's throat.
19.Neither father nor mother likes this weather.
20.It’s agoat,sitting in a boat,wearing acoat and writing a note.It’s a bear,sitting on a chair,holding a pear andcombing its hair.It’s a cock,sitting on a rock,wearing a sock and looking at aclock.It’s a fly,wearing a tie,holding a pie and waving good bye.
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