1.Enrollment at US Community Colleges Drops Sharply During Pandemic
美國社區學院疫情期間入學率驟跌
Community colleges offer two-year degrees and job training. They often appeal to older students looking to learn new skills.
社區學院提供兩年的學歷及職業技能培訓。通常能夠吸引希望學習新技能的年紀較大的同學。
Phoenix College is one of many community colleges in America to have seen major drops in enrollment over the last year, as students face difficulties with money, family life and online learning.
菲尼克斯學院是美國的一所社區學院，和其他很多社區學院一樣，去年入學率有很大的下降，因為學生面臨經濟、家庭以及網課的種種困難。
Across the country, community colleges have seen a 10 percent drop from the autumn of 2019 to autumn 2020. Those numbers come from the National Student Clearinghouse.
2019年秋季到2020年秋季，全國範圍內的社區學院入學率下降了10%。數據來源於美國大學學歷認證機構。
Community colleges have been hit harder than four-year colleges and universities.
社區學院比四年制的學院和大學受到的打擊要更大。
The pandemic has had a severe effect on older adult students who choose the community college path. Many have lost jobs or have no time for their own schooling as they supervise their children's online classes.
疫情對於選擇社區學院的年長成年學生而言影響更大。很多人都失去了工作，或者無暇顧及自己的學習，因為要監督他們的孩子上網課。
Martha Parham is senior vice president for the American Association of Community Colleges. She noted that the majority of older adult community college students have or had jobs in industries that have been badly hurt by the pandemic.
Martha Parham是美國社區學院協會公共關係高級副總裁。她表示大部分社區學院的學生現在或曾經的工作所在的行業都受到疫情的重創。
Often during times of nationwide economic difficulties, more Americans turn to community college education. They do so to learn new job skills or change their careers.
通常爆發全國性經濟危機的時候會有更多美國人選擇社區學院教育。他們這樣做是為了學習新的工作技能，或者改變自己的職業生涯。
But that has not happened during the pandemic, education experts say.
但教育專家稱疫情期間並非如此。
That raises concerns for policy makers and others who consider community colleges to be an important path for low-earning Americans. At a Senate hearing last month, Miguel Cardona, President Joe Biden's pick for education secretary, called for federal financial support to help hurting community colleges.
疫情讓規則制定者和認為社區學院是低收入美國人一個重要方向的人感到擔憂。在上個月的參議院聽證會上，總統任命的Miguel Cardona呼籲人們為受影響的社區學院提供聯邦經濟援助。
Even in good economic times, many community college students struggle to stay in school as they deal with the demands of supporting families, paying for housing and covering the costs of school.
即使是在經濟形勢好的時期，很多社區學院學生還是難以繼續學業，因為他們還要照顧家庭，繳納住宿和學校的費用。
The added difficulties of the pandemic have been too much for many students, said Ralph Thompson. He is the temporary dean of students at Phoenix College. Thompson gave Irakoze the task of calling other students to see how they are dealing with the crisis.
疫情帶來的問題對學生而言非常困難，Ralph Thompson說道。他是菲尼克斯學院的臨時院長。Thompson讓Irakoze給學生打電話，看他們是怎樣處理這一危機的。
"The students need to hear that someone understands what they are going through," Thompson said.
Across the U.S., community colleges have reported rising demand from students who need help getting food.
「學生需要知道有人理解他們的處境。」Thompson說道。美國範圍內的社區學院報告需要食品的學生越來越多。
At MassBay Community College near Boston, applications for meal assistance have increased 80 percent since last year. Dinora Torres — a single mother with four young daughters — said the assistance helped her continue taking classes.
在波士頓附近的麻省海灣社區學院，食品援助申請自去年來提高了80%。Dinora Torres是一位單親媽媽，她有4個女兒。她表示援助讓她得以繼續進行學業。
"If I didn't have that, I don't know if I could have been able to make it," said Torres, who is 29. "It has been really hard. A lot of nights I'm not sleeping. Some days I would have to send my kids to my parents so I could work all day on catching up."
「如果我沒有援助，我不知道我是否能夠重返校園。」29歲的Torres說道。「真的很艱難。很多個晚上我都徹夜難眠。有時候我會把孩子送回我爸媽家，這樣我就能全身心學習。」
MassBay suffered a 10 percent drop in enrollment. School officials there have been giving increasing financial aid for students. Torres said donors set up by the college brought her family a Thanksgiving meal and Christmas presents for her daughters.
麻省海灣入學率降低了10%。校方提高了對學生的經濟援助。Torres表示，學院組織的捐贈者給她家準備了感恩節大餐，給女兒們準備了聖誕節禮物。
"They got my daughters each a gift," Torres said. "I wasn't even going to celebrate the holidays this year because I didn't have the money."
「我的每個女兒都有禮物。」Torres說道。「我本來根本沒打算過這個節，因為我沒有這個錢。」
Community college supporters hope the enrollment drop is temporary. Some experts predict many students will return to classes when schools reopen and jobs return.
社區學院的支持者們希望入學率下跌只是暫時的。一些專家預計，學校重開找到工作以後，很多學生都會回歸課堂。
But at least some students are expected to decide against higher education. Experts say that choice could lead to a lifetime of lower earnings and financial struggles.
但至少有些學生可能會放棄高等教育。專家稱這一選擇會造成終身的低收入和經濟困難。
"We are worried about losing some of them permanently," said David Podell, president of MassBay. "They may follow up later, but each year that they defer their education, the less they're going to make in a lifetime and the later the stability will come."
「我們擔心會就這樣永遠失去一些學生。」麻省海灣院長David Podell說道。「他們可能晚點再讀，但是每年都會推遲，然後他們賺到的就會變少，就沒那麼快穩定。」
The drop in enrollment also represents how the pandemic has widened educational racial inequalities.
入學率低代表疫情擴大了教育的種族不平等。
The National Student Clearinghouse reports that enrollment drops at community colleges were largest among Black students and Native Americans.
美國大學學歷認證機構報告稱社區學院入學率降低的問題在黑人學生和本土美國人群體中最為。
About 60 percent of Phoenix College's students are racial minorities, but officials said it is too early to know whether minorities experienced greater decreases.
菲尼克斯學院有大約60%的學生是少數族裔，但官方稱現在還不知道他們受到的不利影響是否更大。
Angelica Larraga is a student at Phoenix College. She said the pandemic forced her to give up working as a traveling hair stylist because she could not visit people's homes.
Angelica Larraga是菲尼克斯學院的一名學生。她表示，疫情讓她被迫放棄流動理髮師的工作，因為她沒有辦法去到人們的家裡。
Larraga is 35 years old. She has two young sons. She said the last year has been extremely difficult, and her children have struggled with online learning.
Larraga今年35歲。她有兩個兒子。她說去年非常艱難，她的孩子線上學習很不容易。
Financial assistance from the school has helped Larraga pay for her schooling and books. But the family's economic difficulties meant they needed additional help from local fooddonation programs.
學校的經濟援助幫助Larraga支付了學費和書費，但家庭的經濟困難意味著它們需要當地食品捐贈項目的額外幫助。
Larraga said, "I'm just trying to make everything work."
Larraga說：「我只是想讓一切正常運轉。」
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Words in This Story
degree - n. an official document and title that is given to someone who has successfully completed a series of classes at a college or university
enrollment - n. the act of entering someone as a member of or participant in something
application - n. a formal and usually written request for something (such as a job, admission to a school, a loan, etc.)
defer - v. to choose to do (something) at a later time
stability - n. the quality or state of something that is not easily changed or likely to change
Tips
Boston：n. 波士頓（美國城市）
2.New Study: Black Hole May Be Larger Than Expected
新發現：黑洞可能比想像中大
A recent study found that the first black hole ever discovered is a lot bigger than scientists first thought.
Black holes are extremely massive space objects whose gravity is so powerful not even light escapes. The black hole, Cygnus X-1, was discovered in 1964. It is well-known for being the object of a friendly bet between two famous scientists.
一項最近的研究發現，第一個發現的黑洞比科學家門最初認為的要大得多。黑洞是極大的天體，引力很強，就連光也逃不掉。黑洞天鵝座X-1發現於1964年。它因兩位有名科學家的一個小賭注而聞名。
Researchers found that new observations of Cygnus X-1 showed it is 21 times our sun's mass. That is about 50 percent more massive than scientists had believed.
研究員們發現對天鵝座X-1的新觀測表明它是太陽的21倍大。比科學家認為的要大一般有多。
While it is still one of the closest black holes known, the scientists found it is farther away than earlier estimates suggested. It is 7,200 light years away. A light year is the distance light travels in one year.
雖然它是現在已知最近的黑洞，但科學家發現它實際上要離的更遠，距離有7200光年。光年是光在一年裡走過的距離。
Some black holes, like the one at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, are extremely large. These are called "supermassive" black holes. They can be millions of times more massive than the sun. Smaller black holes are called "stellar-mass" black holes. They have the mass of a single star.
一些黑洞和那些在銀河宇宙中心的一樣，非常大。這些就是「超大」黑洞。它們可以比太陽大上上百萬倍。小一點的黑洞叫「行星」黑洞。它們有一個星星那麼大。
Cygnus X-1 is the Milky Way's largest-known stellar-mass black hole. It is among the strongest X-ray sources seen from Earth, said James Miller-Jones of Curtin University and the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research in Australia. Miller-Jones led the study that appeared in the publication Science.
天鵝座X-1是銀河最大的已知行星黑洞。是地球上最強的X光光源之一，澳大利亞國際射電天文學研究中心的James Miller-Jones說道。Miller-Jones是發表在《科學》雜誌上的研究的領導人。
Cygnus X-1 turns so quickly that it comes close to the highest rate predicted under physicist Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, Miller-Jones added.
Miller-Jones補充說，天鵝座X-1變的非常快，接近於物理學家愛因斯坦的廣義相對論理論所預測的最高速率。
The black hole brings in material that comes from the surface of the star that it orbits. This star is a "blue supergiant," a very large star about 40 times our sun's mass.
黑洞帶來的物質來自它運行的恆星的表面。這顆恆星是一顆「藍色超巨星」，一顆非常大的恆星，大約是太陽質量的40倍。
Cygnus X-1 started to exist 4 million to 5 million years ago as a star up to 75 times more massive than the sun. But then it collapsed into a black hole a few tens of thousands of years ago.
天鵝座X-1400萬到500萬年前開始存在，是一顆比太陽大75倍的恆星，但幾萬年前它坍縮成了一個黑洞。
The research included data from the Very Long Baseline Array radio telescope. It is made up of 10 observation stations in the United States.
天鵝座X-1包括來自超長基線陣列射電望遠鏡的數據。它由美國的10個觀測站組成。
After Cygnus X-1 was first identified as a possible black hole, a friendly bet was made between two physicists, Stephen Hawking and Kip Thorne. Hawking bet against the object being a black hole, while Thorne bet that it was one. Hawking eventually admitted that the evidence suggested Cygnus X-1 was a black hole.
起初人們認為天鵝座X-1可能是一個黑洞， Stephen Hawking和Kip Thorne兩位科學家打了一個賭，Hawking賭它不是黑洞，Thorne賭它是黑洞。Hawking最後成人證據表明它就是一個黑洞。
Miller-Jones, the leader of the recent study said, "Indeed, I did not have any wagers riding on these findings."
這一發現的領導人Miller-Jones表示：「實際上我並沒有下注。」
Words in This Story
bet – n. an agreement in which people try to guess what will happen and the person who guesses wrong has to give something (such as money) to the person who guesses right; a wager
source – n. the place where something starts from
wager – n. an agreement in which people try to guess what will happen and the person who guesses wrong has to give something (such as money) to the person who guesses right; a bet
Tips
Cygnus ：n. [天] 天鵝座
Milky Way Galaxy：銀河系
Stephen Hawking：n. 史蒂芬·霍金（英國著名物理學家）
Kip Thorne：基普
Miller-Jones：員詹姆士·米勒·瓊斯
3. 『One-Trick Pony' Has Limits
「一招鮮」是有條件的
And now, Words and Their Stories, from VOA Learning English.
現在又到了美國之音英語學習欄目《詞彙典故》的時間。
On today's program, we talk about an animal idiom. What do you think it means to be a one-trick pony?
今天我們要談一個動物習語。你認為懂得一招的小馬駒意味著什麼？
Let's start with a pony. That is a small horse. And one definition of a "trick" is a special act or skill. So, pony tricks can be fun to see. But who would want to watch a pony that does the same trick over and over?
先從小馬駒開始。這是一種小馬。「招」的一個解釋是一個特別的行為或者技能。因此，小馬駒的招就很有趣。但是誰想看小馬駒一直重複一樣的招數呢？
A one-trick pony is a person that has only one skill. So, the term is an insult. A one-trick pony is of low value. A one-trick pony can also describe a person who has had success only once.
懂得一招的小馬駒就是永遠只有一個招數的人。所以這是一種侮辱，它的價值不大，還能形容之成功了一次的人。
So, for example, let's say you know a champion weightlifter. He is big and strong and successful in the sport. But it is the only thing he does: He eats, drinks, and sleeps weightlifting. You could truthfully tell him he is a one-trick pony. But, be prepared to run away as soon as the words leave your mouth. He probably won't be very happy.
所以舉個例子，假如說你認識一個舉重冠軍。他很魁梧健壯，在舉重比賽中也取得了勝利，但是他做的就只有吃喝睡和舉重。你可以真心跟他說他是懂得一招的小馬駒，但是要做好說完就跑的準備。他很可能會不高興。
Some word experts say the idiom "one-trick pony" comes from the circus. A circus pony that can only do one trick is not going to entertain a crowd for very long.
一些詞語專家表示習語「一招鮮」來源於馬戲團。馬戲團裡的小馬駒只有一招是沒辦法支撐太長時間的。
The term "one-trick pony" appeared around the turn of the twentieth century. Within about fifty years, the term had become an idiom. Note that one-trick is usually hyphenated. And if you have more than one, you have one-trick ponies.
「一招鮮」出現在20世紀左右。50年內就成為了習語。注意one和trick中間有連字符。如果不只一個那pony就要用複數ponies。
Now, a one-trick pony usually describes a person. But sometimes it can describe other things, such as a company. If a company only does one thing such as make ice cream cones, it might be called a one-trick pony. However, that usage is less common.
現在一招鮮通常用來形容人。但是有時候也能形容其他事物，比如一家公司。如果一家公司只做一件事比如做冰淇淋桶，就是一招鮮。但是這種用法沒那麼普遍。
Now, let's hear two friends use the expression in a conversation.
現在我們聽聽兩位朋友在對話中的應用。
A: Guess who will perform at my outdoor party next week? Sam the Entertainer!
甲：猜猜誰會在下周的戶外派對上表演？娛樂家山姆！
B: Please, not Sam the Entertainer! He's anything BUT entertaining.
乙：求求了，不要他！他一點也不搞笑。
A: What do you mean? He has such energy!
甲：什麼意思？他很有能量！
B: He may be "energetic," but he's a one-trick pony.
乙：他可能是「精力充沛」，但是他永遠是一招鮮。
A: Sam is the best bagpipe player around.
甲：山姆是附近最好的風笛演奏者。
B: But that's ALL he does. I hope your guests like loud bagpipe music.
乙：但是他只會這一樣。希望你的賓客喜歡大聲的風笛演奏。
A: I'm sure they'll love it! ! I've invited all my Ren-Fest friends!
甲：他們一定會喜歡的！我已經邀請了所有朋友！
Now, keep in mind that people who specialize in a certain area of their work are not called one-trick ponies. They are specialists. For example, I would never call a doctor specializing in children's illnesses a one-trick pony. She is a specialist and has many skills to do her job.
現在你要記住，專攻一個領域的人不是一招鮮。他們是專家。舉個例子，我從來不會說專門研究兒童疾病的醫生是一招鮮。她是專家，掌握了多種專業技能。
And we here at VOA Learning English specialize in using stories to teach English. But I hope you don't consider us one-trick ponies.
美國之音英語學習欄目專門用故事教英語，但我希望你不要認為我們只有一招。
And that's all the time we have for this Words and Their Stories.
以上就是本期《詞彙典故》的全部內容。
Until next time...I'm Anna Matteo.
Anna Matteo wrote this story for VOA Learning English. Caty Weaver was the editor.
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Words in This Story
idiom – n. an expression that cannot be understood from the meanings of its separate words but that has a separate meaning of its own
insult – n. a rude or offensive act or statement : something that insults someone
champion – adj. first among all contestants or competitors
eats, drinks, and sleeps – idiom : to have a strong passion for something; to think about it constantly
circus – n. a traveling show that is often performed in a tent and that typically includes trained animals, clowns, acrobats, etc.
entertain – v. to perform for (an audience) : to provide amusement for (someone) by singing, acting, etc.
hyphenated – adj. containing or linked with a hyphen
conversation – n. a talk between two or more people : the act of talking
Ren-Fest – n. short for Renaissance Festival : A festival held to recreate the arts and history of the Renaissance. Generally held outside and on weekends and people usually dress up for it in period clothing.
4. A Friendship Helps Guide World War 2 Diplomacy
友誼有助於指導第二次世界大戰外交
History is full of examples of leaders joining together to meet common goals. But rarely have two leaders worked together with as much friendship and cooperation as Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill did. Roosevelt was president of the United States; Churchill was prime minister of Britain. The two men had much in common. They were both born to wealthy families, and they were both active in politics for many years. Both leaders also shared a love of history and nature, and the sea.
歷史上有很多領導人聯合起來實現共同目標的例子。但很少有兩位領導人像富蘭克林·羅斯福(Franklin Roosevelt)和溫斯頓·邱吉爾(Winston Churchill)那樣，在合作中表現出如此多的友誼和合作。羅斯福是美國總統;邱吉爾是英國首相。這兩個人有許多共同之處。他們都出生在富裕的家庭，都在政界活躍多年。兩位領導人都熱愛歷史、自然和海洋。
Roosevelt and Churchill first met when they were lower-level officials during World War One. But neither man remembered much about that meeting. However, as they worked together during the Second World War, they came to like and trust each other.
羅斯福和邱吉爾第一次見面是在第一次世界大戰期間，當時他們還是級別較低的官員。但兩人都不太記得那次會面。然而，當他們在第二次世界大戰期間一起工作時，他們開始喜歡和信任彼此。
Roosevelt and Churchill exchanged more than one thousand seven hundred letters and messages over a period of five and a half years. They met many times, at large international gatherings and in private talks. But the closeness of their friendship might be seen best in a story told by one of Roosevelt's close advisers, Harry Hopkins.
羅斯福和邱吉爾在五年半的時間裡交換了一千七百多封信件和信息。他們在大型國際聚會和私下會談中多次會面。但是，從羅斯福的親密顧問哈裡·霍普金斯(Harry Hopkins)講的一個故事中，可以看出他們之間親密的友誼。
Hopkins remembered how Churchill was visiting Roosevelt at the White House one day. Roosevelt went into Churchill's room in the morning to say hello. But the president was shocked to see Churchill coming from the bathroom with no clothes on.
霍普金斯還記得有一天邱吉爾去白宮拜訪羅斯福。早晨，羅斯福走進邱吉爾的房間向他打招呼。但是當總統看到邱吉爾光著身子從浴室走出來時，他驚呆了。
Roosevelt immediately apologized to the British leader. But Churchill reportedly answered, "The prime minister of Great Britain has nothing to hide from the president of the United States."
羅斯福立即向英國領導人道歉。但據報導，邱吉爾回答說:「英國首相對美國總統沒有什麼可隱瞞的。」
The United States and Great Britain were the most powerful of the nations that joined together as allies to resist Germany's Adolf Hitler and his Axis partners. In January of nineteen forty-two, twenty-six of the Allied nations signed an agreement promising to fight for the goals of peace, religious freedom, human rights and justice.
美國和英國是聯合起來共同抵抗德國的阿道夫·希特勒及其軸心國夥伴的最強大的國家。1942年1月，26個盟國籤署了一項協議，承諾為和平、宗教自由、人權和正義的目標而奮鬥。
The three major Allies were the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union. The governments in Washington and London did not always agree. For example, they disagreed about when to attack Hitler's forces in western Europe. And Churchill resisted Roosevelt's suggestions that Britain give up some of its colonies. But in general, the friendship between Roosevelt and Churchill, and between the United States and Britain, led the two nations to cooperate closely.
三個主要盟國是美國、英國和蘇聯。華盛頓和倫敦的政府並不總是一致的。例如，他們在何時攻擊西歐的希特勒軍隊的問題上存在分歧。邱吉爾拒絕了羅斯福讓英國放棄部分殖民地的建議。但總的來說，羅斯福和邱吉爾以及美國和英國之間的友誼使兩國密切合作。
This was not true with the Soviets. The Soviet Union was a communist country. It did not share the same history or political system as the United States or Britain. And the Soviet Union had its own interests to protect along its borders and in other areas.
蘇聯的情況並非如此。蘇聯是一個共產主義國家。它與美國或英國沒有相同的歷史或政治制度。蘇聯在邊境和其他地區也有自己的利益需要保護。
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Relations between the Soviet Union and the western Allies were mixed. On the one hand, Hitler's invasion deep into the Soviet Union had forced Josef Stalin and other Soviet leaders to make victory over the Germans their most important goal.
蘇聯和西方盟國的關係是複雜的。一方面，希特勒入侵蘇聯腹地，迫使約瑟夫·史達林等蘇聯領導人把戰勝德國人作為他們最重要的目標。
On the other hand, shadows of future problems could already be seen. The Soviet Union was making clear its desire to keep political control over Poland. And it was supporting communist fighters in Yugoslavia and Greece.
另一方面，未來問題的陰影已經顯現。蘇聯明確表示希望繼續對波蘭進行政治控制。它還支持南斯拉夫和希臘的共產主義戰士。
These differences were not discussed much as the foreign ministers of Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States gathered in Moscow in nineteen forty-three. Instead, they reached several agreements, including on a plan to establish a new organization called the United Nations.
1943年，英國、蘇聯和美國的外交部長聚集在莫斯科時，這些分歧並沒有得到太多的討論。相反，他們達成了幾項協議，包括建立一個名為聯合國的新組織的計劃。
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Finally, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met together for the first time. They met in Tehran in late nineteen forty-three mainly to discuss the military situation. However, the three leaders also considered political questions such as the future of Germany, eastern Europe and East Asia.
最後，羅斯福、邱吉爾和史達林第一次見面。1943年底，他們在德黑蘭會面，主要討論軍事局勢。然而，三位領導人也考慮了德國、東歐和東亞的未來等政治問題。
Later, the Allies made further plans for the new United Nations. They arranged for new international economic organizations -- the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. And the Allies agreed to divide Germany into different parts after the war for a temporary period. The Soviet Union would occupy the eastern part while Britain, France and the United States would occupy the west.
後來，協約國為新聯合國制定了進一步的計劃。他們組織了新的國際經濟組織——世界銀行和國際貨幣基金組織。協約國同意戰後暫時將德國劃分為不同的地區。蘇聯將佔領東部，而英國、法國和美國將佔領西部。
Washington, London and Moscow were united during the early years of the war because of military need. They knew they must fight together to defeat their common enemy.
由於軍事需要，華盛頓、倫敦和莫斯科在戰爭初期聯合起來。他們知道他們必須一起戰鬥來打敗他們共同的敵人。
But this unity faded as Allied troops marched toward the German border. Roosevelt continued to call on the world to wait until the last bullet was fired before deciding what would come next. But Churchill, Stalin and other leaders already were trying to shape the world that would follow the war. Now, differences between the Allies became more serious.
但隨著盟軍向德國邊境進軍，這種團結逐漸消失。羅斯福繼續呼籲全世界要等到最後一顆子彈射出之後再決定下一步該怎麼做。但邱吉爾、史達林和其他領導人已經在努力塑造戰後的世界。現在，盟國之間的分歧變得更加嚴重。
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The most important question was Poland. Hitler's invasion of Poland in nineteen thirty-nine had started the war. Roosevelt and Churchill believed strongly that the Polish people should have the right to choose their own leaders after the war. Churchill supported a group of Polish resistance leaders who had an office in London. In nineteen forty, Polish fliers had taken part in the Battle of Britain, piloting British warplanes against the German Luftwaffe.
最重要的問題是波蘭。1939年希特勒入侵波蘭，引發了戰爭。羅斯福和邱吉爾堅信，戰後波蘭人民應該有權選擇自己的領導人。邱吉爾支持一群波蘭抵抗運動領導人，他們在倫敦設有辦公室。1940年，波蘭飛行員參加了不列顛戰役，駕駛英國戰機對抗德國空軍。
But Stalin had other ideas. He demanded that Poland's border be changed to give more land to the Soviet Union. And he refused to help the Polish resistance leaders in London. Instead, he supported a group of Polish communists and helped them establish a new government in Poland.
但是史達林有其他的想法。他要求改變波蘭的邊界，給蘇聯更多的土地。他拒絕幫助倫敦的波蘭抵抗運動領導人。相反，他支持一群波蘭共產黨人，幫助他們在波蘭建立新政府。
Churchill visited Stalin late in nineteen forty-four. The two leaders met with Roosevelt a few months later in Yalta, on the Crimean coast. All agreed that free elections should be held quickly in Poland. And they traded ideas about the future of eastern Europe, China and other areas of the world.
1944年，邱吉爾拜訪了史達林。幾個月後，兩位領導人在克裡米亞海岸的雅爾達會見了羅斯福。所有人都同意波蘭應儘快舉行自由選舉。他們就東歐、中國和世界其他地區的未來交換了意見。
Roosevelt was in good spirits when he reported to Congress after his return from the Yalta conference.
羅斯福從雅爾達會議回來後，心情很好地向國會報告。
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT: "I come from the Crimea conference with a firm belief that we have made a good start on the road to a world of peace. There were two main purposes in this Crimea conference. The first was to bring defeat to Germany with the greatest possible speed, and the smallest possible loss of Allied men.
"That purpose is now being carried out in great force. The German Army, and the German people, are feeling the ever-increasing might of our fighting men and of the Allied armies. Every hour gives us added pride in the heroic advance of our troops in Germany -- on German soil -- toward a meeting with the gallant Red Army.
羅斯福:「我來自克裡米亞會議，堅信我們在世界和平的道路上取得了良好的開端。這次克裡米亞會議有兩個主要目的。第一個目標是以最快的速度擊敗德國，同時儘可能減少盟軍人員的損失。「這一目標現在正在以巨大的力量實現。德國軍隊和德國人民正在感受到我們的戰士和盟軍不斷增強的力量。我們的軍隊在德國——在德國的土地上——向英勇的紅軍挺進，每一小時都讓我們更加自豪。
"The second purpose was to continue to build the foundation for an international accord that would bring order and security after the chaos of the war, that would give some assurance of lasting peace among the nations of the world. Toward that goal, a tremendous stride was made.
「第二個目的是繼續為一項國際協定奠定基礎，該協定將在戰爭混亂之後帶來秩序和安全，並在一定程度上保證世界各國之間的持久和平。朝著這個目標邁進了一大步。
Roosevelt went on to say that "the peace cannot be a completely perfect system, at first. But it can be a peace based on the idea of freedom."
羅斯福接著說:「起初，和平不可能是一個完全完美的體系。但它可以是一種基於自由理念的和平。」
Churchill had the same high hopes. He told the British parliament after the conference that Stalin and other Soviet leaders wished to live in honorable friendship. "I also know that their word is honest," Churchill said.
邱吉爾也抱有同樣的厚望。會後，他告訴英國議會，史達林和其他蘇聯領導人希望生活在光榮的友誼中。「我也知道他們的話是誠實的，」邱吉爾說。
But, as history proved, Roosevelt and Churchill were wrong about the Soviets. In the months after the Yalta conference, relations between Moscow and the western democracies grew steadily worse.
但是，歷史證明，羅斯福和邱吉爾對蘇聯的看法是錯誤的。在雅爾達會議後的幾個月裡，莫斯科和西方民主國家的關係不斷惡化。
The Soviet Union moved to seize control of eastern Europe. Stalin began making strong speeches charging that Washington and London were holding secret peace negotiations with Germany. And the Soviet Union refused to discuss ways to bring democracy to Poland.
蘇聯採取行動控制東歐。史達林開始發表強硬的講話，指責華盛頓和倫敦正在與德國進行秘密的和平談判。蘇聯拒絕討論將民主帶到波蘭的方法。
Churchill wrote later that he had always held the Russian people in high honor, but their shadow darkened the picture after the war. Britain and America had gone to war not just to defend the smaller countries, but also to fight for individual rights and freedoms.
邱吉爾後來寫道，他一直非常尊敬俄羅斯人民，但戰後他們的陰影籠罩了整個世界。英國和美國開戰不僅是為了保衛較小的國家，也是為了個人權利和自由而戰。
Churchill went on to say that the Soviet Union had other goals. Its hold tightened on eastern Europe after the Soviet Army gained control. And Churchill said that after the long suffering and efforts of World War Two, it seemed that half of Europe had just exchanged one dictator for another.
邱吉爾接著說，蘇聯還有其他目標。蘇聯軍隊控制東歐後，蘇聯加強了對東歐的控制。邱吉爾說，在經歷了二戰的長期苦難和努力之後，似乎半個歐洲剛剛換了一個獨裁者。
Churchill and Roosevelt agreed in secret letters that they must try to oppose the Soviet effort. But before they could act, Roosevelt died. And the world began to live through a new war -- the Cold War -- in the years to follow.
邱吉爾和羅斯福在秘密信件中同意，他們必須努力反對蘇聯的努力。但他們還沒來得及行動，羅斯福就死了。在隨後的幾年裡，世界開始經歷一場新的戰爭——冷戰。
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Roosevelt's death, from bleeding in the brain, also ended a deep personal friendship between two world leaders.
羅斯福死於腦出血，也結束了兩位世界領導人之間深厚的個人友誼。
Winston Churchill later wrote about hearing the news of the death of his close friend.
溫斯頓·邱吉爾後來寫道，他聽到密友去世的消息。
"I felt as if I had been struck with a physical blow," Churchill wrote. He said he was overpowered by a sense of deep and permanent loss.
邱吉爾寫道:「我覺得自己好像受到了身體上的打擊。」他說，他被一種深深的、永久的失落感所壓倒。
The free world joined Churchill in mourning the loss of so strong a leader as Franklin Roosevelt. But it could not weep for long. War was giving way to peace. A new world was forming. And, as we will hear in future programs, it was a world that few people expected.
自由世界與邱吉爾一起哀悼像富蘭克林·羅斯福這樣一位堅強的領袖。但它哭不了多久。戰爭正在讓位給和平。一個新世界正在形成。而且，正如我們將在以後的節目中聽到的，這是一個很少有人預料到的世界。
Tips
Franklin Roosevelt ：富蘭克林·羅斯福（美國總統）
Winston Churchill：溫斯頓·邱吉爾（英國政治家及作家）
Soviet：n. 蘇維埃（代表會議）
Yalta conference：雅爾達會議（英、美、蘇三國政府首腦在此舉行的會議）
Crimean ：adj. （有關）克裡米亞半島（或居民）的
Luftwaffe：n. （二戰時期的）納粹德國空軍
Adolf Hitler：阿道夫希特勒（納粹領袖）
整理：夢
翻譯：blue 南瓜
tips：南瓜