科學家研發微流體類胚胎模型
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2019/9/12 13:50:49
美國密西根大學傅劍平(Jianping Fu)等研究人員使用幹細胞開發出模擬人上胚層和羊膜發育的可控模型。相關成果2019年9月11日在線發表在《自然》上。
研究人員報導了微流體裝置中的人多能幹細胞(hPSC)能夠以高度可控和可擴展的方式概括孕體的外胚層和羊膜外胚層部分的發育標誌事件,包括外胚層的腔內生成和由此產生的羊膜腔、雙極胚囊的形成,以及原始生殖細胞和原始條紋細胞的特化。研究人員進一步發現羊膜外胚層樣細胞作為信號中心起作用,以觸發hPSC中類似原腸胚形成事件的發生。鑑於其可控性和可擴展性,微流體模型提供了強大的實驗系統,從而能夠推進對人類胚胎學和繁殖的認知。該模型可以幫助合理設計用於疾病建模和細胞治療的hPSC的分化方案,以及用於預防妊娠失敗和出生缺陷的高通量藥物和毒性篩選。
據介紹,人類胚胎早期發育涉及廣泛的譜系多樣化、細胞命運特化和組織模式化。儘管其具有基礎和臨床重要性,早期人類胚胎發育仍然相對無法破譯,因為種間分歧和人類胚胎樣本的可獲取性有限。
附:英文原文
Title:Controlled modelling of human epiblast and amnion development using stem cells
Author:Yi Zheng, Xufeng Xue, Yue Shao, Sicong Wang, Sajedeh Nasr Esfahani, Zida Li, Jonathon M. Muncie, Johnathon N. Lakins, Valerie M. Weaver, Deborah L. Gumucio, Jianping Fu
Issue&Volume: 2019-09-11
Abstract:Early human embryonic development involves extensive lineage diversification, cell-fate specification and tissue patterning1. Despite its basic and clinical importance, early human embryonic development remains relatively unexplained owing to interspecies divergence2,3 and limited accessibility to human embryo samples. Here we report that human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in a microfluidic device recapitulate, in a highly controllable and scalable fashion, landmarks of the development of the epiblast and amniotic ectoderm parts of the conceptus, including lumenogenesis of the epiblast and the resultant pro-amniotic cavity, formation of a bipolar embryonic sac, and specification of primordial germ cells and primitive streak cells. We further show that amniotic ectoderm-like cells function as a signalling centre to trigger the onset of gastrulation-like events in hPSCs. Given its controllability and scalability, the microfluidic model provides a powerful experimental system to advance knowledge of human embryology and reproduction. This model could assist in the rational design of differentiation protocols of hPSCs for disease modelling and cell therapy, and in high-throughput drug and toxicity screens to prevent pregnancy failure and birth defects.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1535-2
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1535-2