英語修辭(明喻暗喻誇張擬人排比對比反覆)
一、明喻
明喻(simile)俗稱直喻，是依據比喻和被比喻兩種不同事物的相似關係而構成的修辭格。如：
★The country,covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
開滿櫻花的鄉村，看起來有如粉紅雪鋪滿地。
★The smile onher face shone like a diamond.
她的笑容像寶石一樣閃閃發光。
★The sceneryalong the Lijiang River in Guilin is just like a beautiful landscape painting.
桂林灕江的沿途風景就像一幅美麗的山水畫。
★His heart isas hard as a stone.
他鐵石心腸。
★Her soul isas pure as snow.
她的心靈純潔無比。
認真觀察以上各例，我們會發現它們的特點，由(as) ... as, like等引導，這些引導詞被稱作比喻詞(acknowledging word)，它們是辨別明喻的最顯著的特徵，明喻較為直白，比喻物和被比喻物之間相似點較為明顯，所以明喻是一種比較好判斷的修辭手法。
●和as … as… 相關的詞塊積累：
as soft as water 柔情似水
as pure as snow 純淨如雪
as clear as crystal 清如水晶
as weak as water 軟弱無力，弱不禁風
as unique as a finger print 獨一無二
as drunk as a mouse 爛醉如泥
●和like相關的詞塊積累：
like a duck to water 如魚得水
like a drowned cat 落湯雞
like a cat on hot bricks 熱鍋上的螞蟻
like a rat in a hole 如甕中之鱉
二、暗喻
暗喻(metaphor)也稱隱喻，是依據比喻和被比喻兩種不同事物的相似或相關關係而構成的修辭格。無需藉助比喻詞，直接將甲事物當作乙事物來描寫。例如：
★Life is aship on the ocean meeting both sunny days and stormy days.
生活是一艘在海上航行的船，既會遇到晴天，也會遇到暴風雨天。
★Laughter isthe sun that drives winter from the human face.
笑是驅走人們臉上寒意的太陽。
★She is goingthrough a roller coaster of emotions.
她正經歷著情感的過山車。
★At once, theEastern and Western Chang'an Roads became roaring oceans.
霎時間，東西長安街成了喧騰的大海。
由以上各例可知，暗喻沒有引導詞，這是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大區別。換句話說，有為明喻，沒有為暗喻。如：He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很顯然，前句是暗喻，後句是明喻。暗喻時，比喻物和被比喻物之間的相似點較為含蓄，猛一看它們毫無關係，實際卻有著某種內在聯繫。
●詞塊積累：
a bed of roses 安樂窩
clean hands 兩袖清風
curtain-lecture 枕頭風
like mushroom 雨後春筍
mushroom fame 一夜成名
a mushroom millionaire 暴發戶
三、誇張
誇張(hyperbole)：誇張手法是人們從主觀出發，有意識地把事實誇大，故意言過其實，以達到強調或突出的一種修辭手法。它偏重於情感，而不太注重事實，表達得比實際事情更高、更強烈、更有集中性，具有詼諧、譏諷、褒貶等功用。一般說來，凡事物，都可適當地利用誇張去修飾。
★My gray haircan make a long long rope.
白髮三千丈。
★When sheheard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
聽到這個壞消息時，她淚流成河。
★Herappearance fairly took my breath away.
她的美貌令我神魂顛倒。
四、擬人
擬人(personification)：擬人手法是把物(諸如動物、植物、物體、思想或抽象概念等)比作人，賦予它們人的特性、外表、思維、動作，即把本來適用於人的詞彙用於物，使之人格化。如：
★The thunderclapped angrily in the distance.
雷聲在遠處怒吼著。
★The sunlooks over the mountain' srim.
太陽掛在山邊。
★The citygradually began to breathe again.
城市漸漸開始恢復生機。
★The windhowled in the night.
夜裡狂風怒吼。
★The flowers/ The curtains danced in the gentle breeze.
花兒/窗簾在微風中翩翩起舞。
★The candleflame danced in the dark.
蠟燭的火焰在黑暗中跳動。
五、排比
排比(parallelism)：是由兩個或兩個以上短語或句子構成，其並列的結構相同或類似，意思相關，語氣連貫，使得句子讀起來流暢，富有節奏感。
★Readingmakes us wise and exercises make us strong.
讀書使我們睿智，鍛鍊使我們強健。
★To succeedin life, you need to take advantage of opportunities and to follow your dreams.
要想在生活中獲得成功，你需要抓住機會，追隨你的夢想。
★This is notonly just what I wanted, but also what I needed.
這不僅是我想要的，也是我需要的。
六、對比
對比(contrast)：巧妙地運用對比，可以突出作者想要強調的內容或情感。
★Many peoplewill soon find themselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit.
很多人很快就會發現，他們在物質上很富裕，但精神上卻很貧乏。
★Everyone inthe classroom was chatting happily while Refael sat alone, at a loss.
教室裡的每個人都在開心地聊天，而拉斐爾卻一個人坐在那裡不知所措.
★Never beforein history has a city been so completely destroyed. Never in all San Francisco’s historywere her people so kind as on that terrible night.
歷史上，從來沒有一個城市被如此徹底摧毀過。歷史上，舊金山人民從來沒有像在那個可怕的夜晚中那樣寬容善良過。
★Out at seait was calm. No wind came up. Yet from every direction — east, west,north and south, strong winds blew upon the unlucky city.
海上風平浪靜，沒有風。然而，從四面八方——東南西北來的強風都吹向這座不幸的城市。
七、反覆
反覆(repetition)：反覆是把詞、詞組、從句等進行有意識的重複，以達到強調的效果。例如：
★For threedays the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.
三天來，村子裡的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。
★The treeswere blown down, the billboards were blown down and the houses were blowndown,some of which even lay in pieces.
樹木被吹倒了，廣告牌被吹倒了，房子被吹倒了，甚至有些摔成碎片。
★Now is thetime to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to thebusiness. Now is the time to work hard for the future.
現在是忘掉過去一切的時候了。現在是言歸正傳的時候了。現在是為未來而奮鬥的時候了。
★Watch yourthoughts, for they become your words;
Watch your words, for theybecome your actions;
Watch your actions, for theybecome your habits;
Watch your habits, for theybecome your character;
Watch your character, for itbecomes your destiny.
注意你的思想，因為他們變成你所說的話；
注意你的言語，因為他們變成你的行動；
注意你的行動，因為他們變成你的習慣；
注意你的習慣，因為他們變成你的個性；
注意你的個性，因為它變成你的命運。