四六級基礎語法的重要性:
有人說四六級沒有單選題,又不考語法,那我們複習語法有什麼用呢。沒錯,四六級是不直接考察語法,但是聽力中需要聽句子,閱讀中需要認句子,作文中需要寫句子,而語法是句子的骨架,有句子的地方就有語法,所以語法基礎是四六級做題之根本。
一、並列句的構成
1.表並列、遞進或順承關係。
and, both…and…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, as well as。
The earth is one of the sun’s planets, and the moon is our satellite.
地球是太陽系中的一顆行星,月亮是地球的衛星。
2.錶轉折關係
but(不可與although連用),yet
What we are about to do is perfectly legal. But please don’t discuss it with anyone.
我們要做的事完全合法,但請不要與任何人討論這件事。
3.表選擇關係
either…or…, not…but…, or, or else, rather than
Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.
現在你可以休息,或者去看電影。
4.表因果關係
for(表「由於」,一般不放在句首),so
He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
由於他的視力下降,他發現讀書越來越困難了。
5.when「就在這時,突然」
sb. be about to do/on the point of doing sth. when…某人正要做某事,突然……
sb. be doing sth. when…某人正在做某事,突然……
sb. had just done sth. when…某人剛做完某事,突然……
One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.
一個周五我們正在收拾行李要去度周末時,我的女兒突然聽到了呼救聲。
She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
昨天她剛完成家庭作業,她媽媽就讓她練習彈鋼琴。
6.and與or用於並列句
祈使句+and+陳述句,and表順承
祈使句+or+陳述句,or錶轉折
Find ways to praise your children often, and you』ll find they will open their hearts to you.
設法常常表揚你的孩子,這樣你就會發現他們樂意向你敞開心扉。
7.while表對比
強調對比關係,意為「然而;而」
—I wonder how much you charge for your services.
——我想知道你要收多少服務費。
—The first two are free while the third costs $ 30.
——前兩次免費,但是第三次的費用是30美元。
二、並列句的省略
並列句獨有的特點:相同的可以省略,餘下的保持不變。
例:
1.I am a teacher and I like English. → I am a teacher and likeEnglish.(主語相同,可省略)
2.I am lying in bed and I am reading a book.→I am lying in bed and readinga book.(主語和部分謂語相同,可省略)
註:如果是多個簡單句並列,且並列連詞相同,如:「句子1」 and 「句子2」 and 「句子3」。就可以把前面的and省略,變成「,」,如:句子1 ,句子2 and 句子3。