磁共振成像乳腺體積測量在乳腺癌保留乳頭乳暈的乳房切除術後假體乳房重建手術中的應用
王大衛1 熊詩璇1 任玉萍1 吳敏1 艾濤2 吳毅平1
本文來源:《中華整形外科雜誌》2020年11月 第36卷 第11期
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn114453-20191026-00318
作者單位:1華中科技大學同濟醫學院附屬同濟醫院整形外科,武漢430030;2華中科技大學同濟醫學院附屬同濟醫院放射科,武漢430030
通信作者:吳毅平,Email:yipingwutj@163.com
磁共振成像乳腺體積測量在乳腺癌保留乳頭乳暈的乳房切除術後假體乳房重建手術中的應用 [J] . 中華整形外科雜誌,2020,36 (11): 1203-1209. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn114453-20191026-00318
【摘要】
目的 探究磁共振成像(MRI)測量乳房體積及腺體體積在保留乳頭乳暈的乳房切除(NSM)術後行假體乳房重建中的臨床意義。方法 根據入選標準選取2018年9月至2019年6月於華中科技大學同濟醫學院附屬同濟醫院收治的乳腺癌患者,均擬行NSM術後假體乳房重建。術前行MRI檢查評估腫瘤距離乳頭乳暈複合體及皮膚的距離,並計算出乳房體積及腺體體積指導假體大小選擇。比較乳房MRI測量體積、腺體MRI測量體積、術中標本稱重與放置假體體積的數據,利用Prism 8.0軟體進行分析,兩樣本均值比較應用配對t檢驗,P< 0.05為差異具有統計學意義。利用線性回歸分析2組數據之間的線性相關性,決定係數R2>0.8為相關性好。結果 共納入15例乳腺癌患者,年齡28~45歲, 平均35.5歲。其中單側13例,雙側2例。臨床分期中0期、Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期的患者分別為8例、5例、 2例。術前腫瘤邊緣距離乳頭乳暈複合體的距離為(3.1±0.8) cm。1例患者術後出血,及時經原切口再次手術,術後患者恢復良好。所有患者均出現乳頭、乳暈感覺障礙或減退,未出現感染、血清腫、包膜攣縮、假體破裂、假體移位等併發症。術後隨訪4~12個月,所有乳房外觀基本對稱,未出現腫瘤復發或轉移,患者均滿意。術前乳房MRI測量體積、腺體MRI測量體積、術中標本稱重與放置假體體積分別為(471.10±45.60) ml、(244.60±29.14) ml、(243.60±31.16) g、(244.30±16.63) ml。乳房MRI測量體積與術中標本稱重之間比較差異有統計學意義(t=10.37,P<0.001),而腺體MRI測量體積與術中標本稱重之間比較差異無統計學意義(t=0.20,P=0.847)。同樣,乳房MRI測量體積與放置假體體積之間比較差異有統計學意義(t=5.19,P<0.001), 而腺體MRI測量體積與放置假體體積之間比較差異無統計學意義(t=1.74,P=0.104)。腺體MRI測量體積與術中標本稱重的決定係數(R2=0.98),高於乳房MRI測量體積與術中標本稱重的決定係數(R2=0.82)。同樣,腺體MRI測量體積與放置假體體積的決定係數(R2=0.71),高於乳房MRI測量體積與放置假體體積的決定係數(R2=0.54)。結論 術前磁共振檢查對保留乳頭乳暈的乳房切除術後假體乳房重建手術具有指導作用,腺體MRI測量體積相對於乳房MRI測量體積更接近於術中標本稱重及放置假體體積。
【關鍵詞】磁共振成像;乳腺腫瘤;乳房切除術;乳房成形術;體積測量;矽凝膠假體
基金項目:中國光華科技基金會(2019JZXM001);2020年武漢市科技局應用基礎前沿專項(2020020601012241)
The application of magnetic resonance imaging-based mammary gland volumetry for breast reconstruction with silicone gel prothesis following nipple-sparing mastectomy in breast cancer
Wang Dawei1, Xiong Shixuan1, Ren Yuping1, Wu Min1, Ai Tao2, Wu Yiping1
1Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; 2Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
Corresponding author: Wu Yiping, Email:yipingwutj@163.com
【Abstract】
Objective This study aimed to explore the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure breast volume and gland volume to guide reconstruction of breast reconstruction with silicone gel prothesis following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM). Methods According to the inclusion criteria, the breast cancer patients admitted to Wuhan Tongji Hospital from September 2018 to June 2019 were selected to undergo breast reconstruction with prosthesis after NSM. Preoperative MRI were used to measure distance from the tumor to the nippleareola complex and the skin, and estimate the volume of breast and mammary gland. The data of breast volume measured by MRI, gland volume measured by MRI, volume of prosthesis and specimen weight were compared. The data were analyzed using Prism 8.0 software. The paired student t-test was used to compare the difference of two groups. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Linear regression models were used to obtain coefficient of determination (R2), and R2>0.8 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 15 breast cancer patients, aged 28-45 years, with a mean of 35.5 years, were included. There were 13 cases unilateral and 2 cases bilateral. The clinical stages of stage 0, Ⅰ and Ⅱ were 8, 5 and 2 patients, respectively. The average distance o from tumor to nipple-areola complex was (3.1±0.8) cm. One patient suffered postoperative bleeding and was promptly reoperated through the original incision, and the patient recovered well after surgery. All patients felt sensory disturbance of the nipple and areola. There was no complication such as infection, seroma, capsular contracture, prosthesis rupture, and prosthesis shift. At 4-12 months postoperative follow-up, all breasts were basically symmetrical and no tumor recurrence or metastasis occurred, which satisfied the patients. The mean values of the volume of prosthesis, specimen weight, breast volume measured by MRI and gland volume measured by MRI were (471.10±45.60) ml,(244.60±29.14) ml,(243.60±31.16) g,(244.30±16.63) ml. There was significant difference between the breast volume measured by MRI and the specimen weight (t=10.37, P<0.001), while no statistical difference was found between gland volume measured by MRI and specimen weight (t=0.20, P=0.847). Similarly, there was significant difference between the breast volume measured by MRI and the volume of prosthesis (t=5.19, P<0.001), while no statistical difference was found between gland volume measured by MRI and the volume of prosthesis (t=1.74, P=0.104). The coefficient of determination between gland volume measured by MRI and specimen weight (R2=0.98) was higher than that of breast volume measured by MRI (R2=0.82). Similarly, the coefficient of determination between gland volume measured by MRI and the volume of prosthesis (R2=0.71) was higher than that of breast volume measured by MRI (R2=0.54). Conclusions Preoperative MRI can provide guidance to breast reconstruction with silicone gel prothesis following nipple-sparing mastectomy in breast cancer. The gland volume measured by MRI is closer to the specimen weight and the volume of prosthesis than the breast volume measured by MRI.
【Key words】Magnetic resonance imaging; Breast neoplasms; Mastectomy; Breast reconstruction; Volumetry; Silicone gel prothesis
Fund program: China Guang Hua Science and Technology Foundation (2019JZXM001); Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau (2020020601012241)
Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this article.
Ethical Approval:This study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration.
保留乳頭、乳暈的乳房切除(nipple-sparing mastectomy,NSM)術後即刻假體乳房重建手術,既能實現腫瘤切除的安全性,又可達到乳房美學外觀[1-2]。為了達到假體重建乳房的對稱性,術中選擇大小合適的假體非常重要,因此術前乳房相關體積測量對於乳房重建手術具有重要指導意義[3]。目前用於乳房體積測量的方法有很多種,如公式法、阿基米德法、乳腺X線片法、三維(3D)掃描法、磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)法等。與其他方法相比,MRI法測量乳房體積最準確[4]。本研究利用術前MRI圖像測量乳房體積及腺體體積,探究它們與術中標本稱重及放置假體體積的關係,以指導NSM術後即刻假體重建乳房。
對象與方法
一、研究對象
本研究是一項回顧性研究,選取2018年9月至2019年6月由華中科技大學同濟醫學院附屬同濟醫院收治的乳腺癌患者。納入標準:(1)臨床分期為0期、Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期;(2)術前行空芯針或麥默通活檢, 獲得病理資料;(3)術前行MRI檢查,明確腫塊部位、性質及腋窩淋巴結轉移情況,計算出雙側乳房及腺體的體積;(4)患者籤署手術同意書,行NSM術後即刻假體乳房重建。排除標準:(1)有MRI 檢查禁忌證;(2)不能配合診斷及治療;(3)合併其他系統嚴重疾病者。所有患者均知情同意,同意將其資料用於本研究。本研究已參考赫爾辛基宣言。
二、方法
(一)MRI掃描技術
用德國西門子-skyra軟體版本syngo MR E11 掃描儀進行檢查,掃描線圈為8通道乳腺專用相控陣線圈。患者取俯臥位,雙側乳房自然懸垂於線圈內,掃描範圍包括整個乳房及腋窩。掃描序列包括:(1)常規三平面定位。(2)水脂分離橫斷位T2加權像(T2 weighted image, T2WI):重複時間(time of repeatation, TR)/回波時間(time of Echo, TE)=(4 420/101) ms,快速係數=18,時間=3 min 6 s,層厚=40 mm,距離係數=0,帶寬=347 Hz/Px。(3)超快速並行採集、水脂分離壓脂技術及時間分辨交叉隨機軌跡成像容積插入法屏氣掃描檢查(CAIPIRINHA-Dixon-TWIST volume-interpolated breath-hold examination,CDT-VIBE)序列行動態增強掃描:TR為5.4 ms,TE為2.46/3.69 ms,翻轉角為9°,視野為320 mm × 320 mm,層厚為1.5 mm,空間解析度為1.0 mm×1.0 mm×1.5 mm。共掃描35期,於第3期末第4期初由高壓注射器經手背靜脈推注釓噴酸葡甲胺鹽(Gd-DTPA),劑量0.2 mmol/kg,速率2.5 ml/s,注射完對比劑後以20 ml生理鹽水以相同速率衝洗,35期掃描時間為7 min 20 s。
(二)術前MRI腫瘤學分析
通過分析腫塊大小、腫塊形態、強化特徵、時間-信號強度曲線(time-intensity curve, TIC)等分析腫塊的性質,判斷腋窩淋巴結有無轉移。觀察乳頭、乳暈及皮膚有無累及,分別測量腫塊至乳頭乳暈複合體及皮膚的距離(圖1)。臨床分期為0期、Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期及腫瘤距乳頭乳暈複合體最小距離>2 cm為保留乳頭、乳暈手術指徵。
(三)MRI測量乳房及腺體體積
利用影像軟體OsiriX 9(Pixmeo, Switzerland)處理MRI掃描獲得的T2脂相圖像。用滑鼠在二維圖像上勾畫感興趣的區域,勾畫數層以重建三維圖像,計算出目標區域的體積。乳房勾畫邊界範圍:內至胸骨旁線,外至腋前線,下至胸大肌筋膜,上至乳頭乳暈(圖2A)。腺體勾畫邊界範圍:沿脂肪與腺體分界勾畫腺體,下至胸大肌筋膜(圖2B)。
三、統計學分析
乳房MRI測量體積、腺體MRI測量體積、術中標本稱重及放置假體體積的數據分別以±s表示。使用Prism 8.0(GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA) 軟體進行統計分析,兩樣本均值比較應用配對t檢驗,P< 0.05為差異具有統計學意義。利用線性回歸分析乳房MRI測量體積或腺體MRI測量體積與術中標本稱重之間的線性相關性。決定係數R2>0.8認為相關性好。
結 果
一、患者基本信息
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