黎巴嫩首都貝魯特8月4日傳出巨大的爆炸聲,爆炸發生在港口附近,已經造成巨大的人員傷亡。Economist Espresso對這一事件進行了報導,我們一起來看一下:
Lebanon’s president, Michel Aoun, declared three days of national mourning after an explosion in Beirut killed at least 135 people and injured around 5,000. The blast, which state officials said was caused by ammonium nitrate stored in a warehouse, rocked the Lebanese capital’s port area, flattening buildings and sending up a mushroom cloud. Beirut’s governor estimated that as many as 300,000 people have been left homeless.Lebanon’s president, Michel Aoun, declared three days of national mourning after an explosion in Beirut killed at least 135 people and injured around 5,000.
對於一則事故類新聞來說,最重要的就是「傷亡數字」了,所以作者一開頭就交代了這些信息:an explosion in Beirut killed at least 135 people and injured around 5,000貝魯特發生爆炸,導致135餘人死亡,約5000人受傷「導致...人死亡,...人受傷」是新聞中常見的表達套路,文中用了一個很簡單的結構:killed XX people and injured YY.此外,我們也可以說:lead to / cause XX deaths and YY injuries,或:leave XX dead, and YY injured.
「死傷人數」信息一般都會放在狀語從句的位置上,在主幹部分,作者交代了黎巴嫩總統對此事的回應:Lebanon’s president, Michel Aoun, declared three days of national mourning「宣布哀悼XX天」也是事故類新聞中經常出現的表達,它有一個固定的說法:declare XX days of mourning.再看一個類似的場景,今年4月4日中國為新冠肺炎死難者舉行了全國哀悼活動,全國人民默哀3分鐘,當時,BBC是這麼報導的:China has mourned the victims of the coronavirus outbreak by
observing a three-minute silence, bringing the nation to a halt.mourn就是mourning的動詞形式,表示「哀悼」,mourn the victims意為「悼念死難者」,用新聞語言說就是「為死難者表示哀悼」。
observe a three-minute silence的意思是「默哀3分鐘」。silence在這裡指「沉默、默哀」;three-minute中間有個連字符,說明是形容詞「三分鐘的」,也可以像Espresso裡那樣,寫成three minutes of silence;observe我們都知道有「觀察」的意思,後面如果加節日/法律類詞,相當於follow,可以翻譯成「遵守(法律)、慶祝(節日)」,這裡字面意思是:遵守3分鐘的默哀的規定。貝魯特發生爆炸,導致至少135人死亡,約5000人受傷。黎巴嫩總統米歇爾·奧恩(Michel Aoun) 宣布全國哀悼三天。An explosion took place in Beirut, causing at least 135 deaths and around 5,000 injuries. Lebanon’s president, Michel Aoun, declared that the whole country should observe three days of mourning.這麼說是可以的,意思都翻譯出來了,而且表達也沒問題。但是和原文一對比,我們就發現了差距:Lebanon’s president, Michel Aoun, declared three days of national mourning after an explosion in Beirut killed at least 135 people and injured around 5,000.「貝魯特發生爆炸,導致至少135人死亡,約5000人受傷」,我們直接字對字地翻譯下來了;而原文直接把漢語短句「貝魯特發生爆炸」濃縮成一個英文名詞結構「an explosion in Beirut」。其實,即使沒有「took place」,單通過an explosion也能傳遞出「發生爆炸」的意思。這樣在不減損句意的前提下,可以使句子結構更加凝練。另外,我們還可以再觀察一下整個句子,漢語譯文是按照時間順序來驅動的:先是「發生爆炸」,然後「死傷多少人」,再然後「總統宣布全國哀悼」,這是漢語的一個表達習慣——
漢語句子常以時間順序或事理順序驅動,而不注重句子結構間的連接,以「達意」為主,形散意合;
而英文注重結構、形式,常藉助各種連接手段,把各部分的意思連接起來,講究「形合」,比如文中,先講了「declared three days of national mourning」,然後通過after連接了「an explosion」,最後在謂賓部分交代了傷亡人數「killed at least 135 people and injured around 5,000」,這三處信息明顯不是按照時間或事理順序驅動的,而是通過邏輯詞連接成句的。The blast, which state officials said was caused by ammonium nitrate stored in a warehouse, rocked the Lebanese capital’s port area, flattening buildings and sending up a mushroom cloud.這場爆炸撼動了黎巴嫩首都的港口地區,建築物被夷為平地,現場升起蘑菇雲。政府官員稱,爆炸是由儲存在倉庫中的硝酸銨引起的。
這句話的成分比較多,我們先看主幹:The blast rocked the Lebanese capital’s port areablast是對前面explosion的替換,指「爆炸」,此外也可以用作動詞,比如:They had to blast a tunnel through the mountain. rock這個詞很熟悉了,指「石頭」,但它在這裡用作動詞,表示 to shock / shake 的含義,對應漢語「撼動、使震驚」,就像被石頭砸中了的感覺。當某地發生意外突發事件時,就可以用「events+rock+place」這個表達結構,比如前段時間韓國發生的「N號房」事件,就可以說:「Nth rooms」, the latest sexual-abuse scandal, has rocked South Korea.再舉個例子,美國限制 Tik Tok,撼動了全球網際網路界,我們可以說:America's ban on Tik Tok has rocked the global internet community.所以,主幹部分就很好理解了:The blast rocked the Lebanese capital’s port area,意思是「這起爆炸撼動了黎巴嫩首都的港口地區」。
主幹後面又加了兩個並列的V-ing狀語結構,作rock the Lebanese capital’s port area的伴隨:(2)sending up a mushroom cloudflatten來自flat,flat是形容詞,表示「平的」,如果車「爆胎」了,就可以說「a flat tire」(因為爆胎後車胎變平),再比如,人們之前認為地球是平的,就可以說:People used to think the earth was flat. 此外flat也可以形容經濟、行業、貿易「不景氣」(平平淡淡,毫無波瀾),舉個例子,現在商場裡的服裝銷售很不景氣,我們可以說:Sales of clothes are flat at shopping malls.再比如,受疫情影響,外貿行業已經有幾個月處於低迷狀態了,我們可以說:The trade has been flat for months.把flat雙寫尾字母再加-en,表示一種「使動用法」,即「使...變平」,比如:Do some exercises to flatten your bellies! 做些運動來減掉肚子的脂肪吧!(字面意思是「讓肚子變平」)文中 flatten buildings 的字面意思是「使建築物變平」,即「把建築物夷為平地」。當然我們也可以用 make buildings flat 來表達,但不如 flatten 更有力度。此外,我們也可以用level替換flatten:level buildings.level作名詞指「水平」,作形容詞也有「平的」意思,同flat,作動詞時,則可以表示「使變平,夷為平地」。注意,level變過去分詞或現在分詞時,要雙寫末尾的「l」。第二個狀語 sending up a mushroom cloud 中,send up根據字面意思就可以判斷出來,表示「使...升起來」。
其實在主幹主語「the blast」後面,還加了一個which定語從句,補充了爆炸的原因:which state officials said was caused by ammonium nitrate stored in a warehouse這裡的which代指前面的「the blast」,所以這句話相當於:state officials said which(the blast) was caused by ammonium nitrate stored in a warehouseammonium nitrate指「硝酸銨」,這個不用記;stored in a warehouse是V-ed形式的後置定語,修飾ammonium nitrate,意思是「儲存在倉庫中的硝酸銨」。Beirut’s governor estimated that as many as 300,000 people have been left homeless.as many as表示「多達」,用來形容數字之多,可以同 up to 替換:up to 300,000 people have been left homeless.leave在這裡也是一個很地道的用法,leave sb adj.表示「使某人處於某種狀態」,比如 leave the door open 讓門開著;我們前面講的「leave XX dead, and YY injured」也是這種用法。文中 leave 300,000 people homeless 的字面意思是「使300,000人處於無家可歸的狀態」。今天的內容就到這裡,歡迎在留言區分享你的學習感悟~感謝閱讀!