Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
大家好，歡迎來到六分鐘英語。我是尼爾。
And I'm Sam.
我是薩姆。
And if I say to you, Sam, motorbike, what do you think of?
薩姆，如果我跟你說摩託車，你會想到什麼？
Oh, I think of the film Easy Rider with Jack Nicholson and Peter Fonda cruising the wide open spaces on powerful machines.
哦，我會想到電影《逍遙騎士》，傑克·尼克爾森和彼得·方達騎著摩託車馳騁在廣闊的空間。
How about you, Neil?
你呢，尼爾？
Oh, well, I think of the young man on a moped who delivers my pizzas.
哦，好吧，我會想到那個騎助力車給送我披薩的年輕人。
Not quite the same image, is it, really?
不完全相同的畫面，是吧，真的？
No, but in both cases we were associating motorbikes with male figures.
不相同，但在這兩種情況下，我們都把摩託車和男性形象聯繫在一起。
Today we are looking at women and bikes, but before that, a quiz.
今天我們要看的是女性和摩託車，但在那之前，還有一個小測驗。
In which decade was the first mass-produced motorcycle released?
首次大批量生產的摩託車是在哪個年代發行的？
Was it:
a) the 1880s,
b) the 1890s
c) the 1900s?
是
a) 19世紀80年代
b) 19世紀90年代
c) 20世紀前10年
What do you think, Sam?
你覺得呢，薩姆？
Tricky question!
棘手的問題啊！
The 1880s may be too early - so I think I'll play it safe and go for the middle option, the 1890s.
19世紀80年代可能太早——所以我想我要謹慎些，選中間的選項，19世紀90年代。
Well, we'll see if you're right later in the programme.
好吧，我們稍後將在節目中看看你是否回答正確。
Esperanza Miyake is the author of a new study of the 'gendered motorcycle' in film, advertising and TV.
埃斯佩蘭薩·三宅是一項新研究的作者，該研究是關於電影、廣告和電視中「性別化的摩託車」。
She was interviewed on BBC radio's Thinking Allowed programme about the topic.
她接受了BBC Thinking Allowed節目關於該話題的採訪。
First she was asked about the experience of travelling at over 110 kph on a motorbike.
首先，她被問及以每小時110公裡以上的速度騎摩託車出行的經歷。
What world does she say you are part of?
她說你是哪個世界的一部分？
I think it dissolves gender, race, all these things stop mattering.
我認為它弱化了性別，種族，所有這些都不再重要。
It's all about experience so car drivers, there's a lot about enjoying the internal space of the car, on the bike obviously there's no interiority.
這都是關於體驗的，所以汽車司機，很多是享受汽車內部空間，在摩託車上顯然沒有內在性。
You're completely part of the exterior world.
你完全是外部世界的一部分。
So what world are you in when travelling at speed on a motorbike?
所以當你以摩託車的速度出行時，你是在一個什麼樣的世界裡呢？
The external world.
外部世界。
Because you are not inside a car, your experience is completely different.
因為你不是在車裡，你的體驗是完全不同的。
On a bike you have no interiority.
騎摩託車沒有內在性。
That's the experience of being inside.
那是在內部的體驗。
But I do have to say although that is a real word, it's not one I've ever heard or used before!
但我確實得說，雖然這是一個真實的詞，但它是我從來沒有聽過或用過的！
No. Me neither.
沒有。我也沒聽過或者使用過。
What she also says is that travelling at speed dissolves gender and race.
她還說高速出行弱化了性別和種族。
It makes them less important.
這讓它們變得不那麼重要。
When you dissolve something you make it less strong.
當你弱化某物時，你就讓它沒那麼強了。
In fact she says that at speed these things stop mattering.
事實上，她說在快速的情況下這些事情就不再重要了。
They stop having any importance.
它們不再重要。
If something doesn't matter, it's not important at all.
如果某件事不要緊，它就一點也不重要。
Before that we said we usually connect motorbikes with men.
在那之前，我們說我們通常把摩託車和男性聯繫起來。
Think bike, think bloke.
想到摩託車就想到男性。
But what about women and bikes?
但是女性和摩託車呢？
Esperanza Miyake goes on to talk about the way women bikers are usually shown in the media.
埃斯佩蘭薩·三宅繼續談到女性騎手通常在媒體上的表現方式。
How many different types does she mention?
她提到了多少種不同的類型？
Generally there's three types. So the first type would be your typical empowered female who's on the motorbike.
通常有三種類型。第一種類型是典型的能騎摩託車的女性。
You do have that image but having said that I would also add that those images appear typically very sexualised, very stylised.
你確實有那個畫面，話雖如此，我還是要補充一下，那些畫面通常非常性感，非常風格化。
So yes she's empowered but she's in a skintight catsuit.
所以，是的，她能掌控摩託車，但她穿著緊身連衣褲。
You also get another type which is the female rider but who's been masculinised.
你同樣會看到另一種類型的女性騎手，但她已經被男性化了。
She's kind of embodying a very masculine kind of style.
她體現的是一種非常男性化的風格。
And I think the third type is kind of silly, giggly female on a scooter.
我認為第三種類型有點傻，摩託車上傻笑著的女性。
So she talked about three types of representations, particularly in movies.
所以她談到了三種表現類型，尤其是在電影中。
Sam, tell us more.
薩姆，告訴我們更多內容吧。
Yes, she first talked about the empowered woman.
是的，她首先談到的是有掌控力的女人。
This is a character who has authority, who has the power to drive the plot and action and is not dependent on a man to make decisions for her.
這是一個有權力的角色，她有能力推動情節和發展，不依賴男性為她做決定。
It seems like a positive image, but she does say that these characters are often sexualised, that is, presented in a way that might be sexually appealing for a male audience.
這似乎是一個積極的形象，但她確實說，這些角色往往是性感的，也就是說，以一種可能在性別上吸引男性觀眾的方式呈現。
The next character type she mentions is a woman who is very masculine.
她提到的下一個性別類型是非常男性化的女性。
They embody male characteristics, which means they have and demonstrate many typically male personality features.
她們表現出男性特徵，這意味著她們具有並展現出一些典型的男性性格特徵。
And the final type she talked about was showing women on bikes as silly and giggly riding scooters.
她談到的最後一種類型是騎在摩託車上傻笑的女性騎手。
So there don't seem to be many really completely positive images of women and motorcycles, at least not in the popular media.
所以關於女性和摩託車似乎沒有真的完全正面的形象，至少在大眾媒體上沒有。
Time to look again at today’s vocabulary, but first, let’s have the answer to the quiz question.
是時候再看一遍今天的詞彙了，但是首先，讓我們來看看今天問題的答案。
In which decade was the first mass-produced motorcycle released?
首次大批量生產的摩託車是在哪個年代發行的？
Was it:
a) the 1880s,
b) the 1890s
c) the 1900s?
是
a) 19世紀80年代
b) 19世紀90年代
c) 20世紀前10年
What did you think, Sam?
你覺得呢，薩姆？
I took a guess at the 1890s.
我猜是19世紀90年代。
Well done, it was a good guess.
做得好，猜得不錯。
It was indeed the 1890s and a bonus point if you knew that it was 1894.
它確實是在19世紀90年代，如果你知道是1894年，就會得到額外加分。
OK, let's have a quick reminder of today's words.
好的，讓我們快速回顧一下今天的單詞。
We started with the verb dissolves.
我們從動詞「弱化」開始。
If something dissolves it gets less strong, less immediate.
如果某物弱化，它會變得不那麼強，不那麼緊迫。
Then we had another verb, to matter, something that matters is important to someone.
然後我們學了另一個動詞，「要緊」，要緊的事物就是對某人來說重要的事物。
What's the next word?
下一個單詞是什麼？
It was a rather uncommon word to describe the experience of being inside - interiority.
它是一個相當不常見的詞，用來描述在內部的體驗——內在性。
Let's rush by that one and move on to the next word, empowered.
讓我們快速講過這個單詞，繼續下一個，「有掌控力的」。
Someone who is empowered is in control of their own life.
有掌控力的人能掌控自己的生活。
When we talk about empowered women we are talking about women who are not dependent on men or anyone else for the direction of their lives, they make their own choices.
當我們談到有掌控力的女性時，我們指的是那些不依賴於男性或其他任何人來決定自己生活方向的女性，她們自己做主。
Our next word was sexualised.
我們下一個詞是「性感」。
This is when something is given a clearly sexual styling.
這是指某物被賦予明顯的性別風格。
In the programme we heard that women on motorcycles are often shown in a sexualised way, dressed in clothing, for example, that makes them sexually attractive.
在這個節目中，我們聽到騎摩託車的女性經常以性感的方式出現，比如穿著讓她們性感的衣服。
And finally there was to embody.
最後是「體現」。
This means to be a clear and obvious example of something.
這意味著成為某事物的一個清晰而明顯的例子。
So in movies female bikers often embody male characteristics,
因此在電影中，女騎手往往具有男性特徵，
which means they might dress or behave in a way we would usually associate with men.
這意味著她們穿著或者舉止的方式可能會讓我們通常聯想到男性。
Well, it's time for us to say goodbye.
好了，是時候說再見了。
Just search for bbclearningenglish.
只需搜索bbclearningenglish。
Bye for now!
再見了！
Bye!
拜！