2019年坎城電影節展示非洲電影遺產
(English version below)
© Flickr / Clay Gilliland
自20世紀50年代初以來，非洲電影人一直試圖通過從非洲大陸歷史和文化的本土視角，挑戰有關非洲遺產和創造力的殖民敘事。音樂家、作家、視覺藝術家、舞蹈家、劇作家、演員等各界人士都參加了這場爭取尊嚴和自由的鬥爭。在今年的坎城電影節上，泛非電影人聯合會(FEPACI)於5月19-21日舉辦了非洲電影遺產項目(AFHP)展示。該項目由泛非電影工作者聯盟（FEPACI）、斯科塞斯（Martin Scorsese）電影基金會及其附屬機構博洛尼亞電影資料館和聯合國教科文組織合作舉辦，旨在修復和保存50部具有重大歷史、文化和藝術意義的非洲電影。
從非洲電影誕生之日起，這裡的電影工作者就把電影作為一種手段，以期提高人們對民族文化的認知，並幫助他們為民族獨立做好準備。對於聯合國教科文組織來說，許多非洲經典電影可以被看作是教育/文化的產物，這些電影一方面分享知識，另一方面將信息烙入電影觀眾的情感記憶。
教科文組織深知歷史與藝術之間的緊密聯繫的重要性，於2015年10月在「非洲通史」項目之下設立了國際藝術家聯盟。該聯盟致力於向公眾，特別是青年人宣傳《非洲通史》的關鍵信息。《非洲通史》由教科文組織歷時35年編纂，時至今日仍在繼續。這一龐大的知識體系通過非洲人的聲音表達了整個非洲的歷史：從人類誕生之初到當今非洲人及其散居世界各地的僑民所面臨的挑戰。
非洲電影遺產項目參與坎城電影節是一次展示和推廣該項目的重要契機。今年特別關注了非洲電影史上一些重要電影人的4部主要電影。包括茅利塔尼亞導演翁多（Med Hondo）的《啊，太陽》（Soleil Ô，1970），阿爾及利亞導演拉赫達爾-哈米納（Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina）的《烽火歲月志》（Chronique des années de braise，1975），象牙海岸先鋒導演巴索裡（Timite Bassori）的《帶刀的女人》（La Femme au couteau，1969），以及喀麥隆標新派導演狄孔格-皮帕（Jean-Pierre Dikongue-Pipa）的《別人的孩子》（Muna Moto，1975）。
泛非電影工作者聯盟於1970年在突尼西亞成立，由塞姆班(Ousmane Sembene)、維埃拉(Paulin Soumanou Vieyra)和切裡亞(Tahar Cheriaa)等電影先驅創立。泛非電影人聯盟是來自非洲不同地區和僑居海外的電影人的聲音。它與其附屬國家機構和成員合作，利用政策和行動、方案和項目，為非洲人在非洲的電影製作和視聽媒體方面的發展創造有利的環境和基礎設施。非洲聯盟非洲視聽電影委員會(AU)和瓦加杜古非洲電影中心(CAO)的成立是泛非電影人聯盟取得的兩項具有裡程碑意義的成就。
聯繫人：
Tabué Nguma
UNESCO
t.nguma@unesco.org
The African Film Heritage Project at Cannes 2019
Since the early 1950s, African filmmakers have tried to offer an African vision of the history and culture of their continent, challenging the colonial narratives on African heritage and creativity. Musicians, writers, visual artists, dancers, playwrights, actors, etc. participated also in this struggle for dignity and freedom. At the Cannes Film Festival this year, the Pan African Federation of Filmmakers (FEPACI) presented the African Film Heritage Project (AFHP) from 19 to 21 May. The project is a partnership between FEPACI, Martin Scorsese’s The Film Foundation along with its affiliate archive, the Cineteca di Bologna, and UNESCO. The purpose is to restore and preserve 50 African films of historical, cultural and artistic significance.
From the beginning, African filmmakers, especially, used cinema as a means to raise awareness about the aspirations of their peoples and educate them to meet the challenges of independence. For UNESCO, many African classic films can be seen as educational/cultural production that was on one side sharing knowledge and on the other searing the message into the filmgoer’s emotional conscienceness.
Aware of the importance of the linkage between history and art, UNESCO decided to launch, in October 2015, an International Coalition of Artists for the General History of Africa. This Coalition works to promote to the general public, and especially young people, the key messages of the General History of Africa collection, which has been a 35-years in the making by UNESCO, and continues today. This huge body of knowledge expresses through the voices of Africans, the entire history of Africa: from the beginning of humanity to the challenges faced today by the Africans and their Diasporas around the world.
This inclusion at Cannes of the African Film Heritage Project was an opportunity to present and promote the AFHP with a specific focus on four major films by some of the most important filmmakers in the history of African cinema. These incliuded: Soleil Ô (1970) by Mauritanian director Med Hondo, Chronique des années de braise (1975) by Algerian director Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina, La Femme au couteau (1969) by Ivoirian pioneer Timité Bassori and Muna Moto (1975) by Cameroonian maverick Jean-Pierre Dikongue-Pipa.
The Pan African Federation of Filmmakers (FEPACI) was founded in 1970 in Tunis by such film pioneers as Ousmane Sembène, Paulin Soumanou Vieyra and Tahar Cheriaa among others. FEPACI is the continental voice of filmmakers from various regions of Africa and the Diaspora. It works with its affiliate national bodies and membership to leverage policies and actions, programmes and projects for the development and enhancement of an enabling environment and infrastructure for all dimensions of filmmaking and the audiovisual media in Africa by Africans. The creation of the African Audiovisual and Cinema Commission of the African Union (AU) and the Cinematheque Africaine of Ouagadougou (CAO) are two landmark achievements by FEPACI among many.
Contact:
Tabué Nguma
UNESCO
t.nguma@unesco.org