科學家揭示非洲牛的獨特基因組起源
作者：
小柯機器人發布時間：2020/9/30 15:56:50
韓國國立首爾大學Heebal Kim、英國愛丁堡大學Olivier Hanotte等研究人員合作揭示非洲牛的獨特基因組起源。2020年9月28日出版的《自然—遺傳學》雜誌發表了這項成果。
通過對代表主要牛群的16個品種的172頭非洲土著牛的全基因組序列分析，研究人員確定了大約750–1050年前的普通牛與本土牛混種事件，該事件塑造了如今非洲之角的牛群基因組。研究人員在雜種動物中發現了16個與非洲環境適應相關的基因座，並顯示出普通牛或本土牛的大量特徵。這些包括與免疫、耐熱和繁殖相關的基因。
此外，研究人員在非洲普通牛中鑑定出一個高度不同的基因座，並推測該基因座與錐蟲耐受性相關，且存在於錐蟲病感染地區的雜交牛中。
這些發現表明，過去的普通牛和最近的本土牛雜交種衍生的遺傳資源是非洲畜牧業目前成功的根源。
據了解，畜牧業在非洲人類的生計中起著核心作用。然而，其成功的遺傳史仍然未知。
附：英文原文
Title: The mosaic genome of indigenous African cattle as a unique genetic resource for African pastoralism
Author: Kwondo Kim, Taehyung Kwon, Tadelle Dessie, DongAhn Yoo, Okeyo Ally Mwai, Jisung Jang, Samsun Sung, SaetByeol Lee, Bashir Salim, Jaehoon Jung, Heesu Jeong, Getinet Mekuriaw Tarekegn, Abdulfatai Tijjani, Dajeong Lim, Seoae Cho, Sung Jong Oh, Hak-Kyo Lee, Jaemin Kim, Choongwon Jeong, Stephen Kemp, Olivier Hanotte, Heebal Kim
Issue&Volume: 2020-09-28
Abstract: Cattle pastoralism plays a central role in human livelihood in Africa. However, the genetic history of its success remains unknown. Here, through whole-genome sequence analysis of 172 indigenous African cattle from 16 breeds representative of the main cattle groups, we identify a major taurine×indicine cattle admixture event dated to circa 750–1,050yr ago, which has shaped the genome of today’s cattle in the Horn of Africa. We identify 16 loci linked to African environmental adaptations across crossbred animals showing an excess of taurine or indicine ancestry. These include immune-, heat-tolerance- and reproduction-related genes. Moreover, we identify one highly divergent locus in African taurine cattle, which is putatively linked to trypanotolerance and present in crossbred cattle living in trypanosomosis-infested areas. Our findings indicate that a combination of past taurine and recent indicine admixture-derived genetic resources is at the root of the present success of African pastoralism.
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0694-2
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-020-0694-2