每個人都會記得斯坦·李——漫威宇宙裡哪位可愛的老爺爺
Everyone will remember Stan Lee as the lovable
grandpa of the Marvel universe
"你是託尼·屎大顆嗎？」
"Are you Tony Stank?"
在出演這些客串角色之前，斯坦·李從1939年開始
All those wonderful cameos aside, Stan Lee
was a cornerstone of the comics industry
就已經是漫威漫畫產業的奠基人
dating all the way back to 1939.
八十年來，斯坦·李創作了許多了不起的作品，並永遠改變了漫畫產業
For eight decades, Lee compiled a remarkable
list of achievements and changed comics forever
但至今仍有許多漫威的粉絲並不了解他的生平
but there's still plenty that many Marvel
fans don't know about his life and legacy.
現在就讓我們稍微花點時間來欣賞和銘記
這位創作出了無數超級英雄的斯坦·李吧
Let's take some time to remember and appreciate
Stan Lee for introducing us to Earth's mightiest heroes.
斯坦·李原名斯坦利·馬丁·利博，生於1922年
Stan Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in
1922, which was perfect timing
恰好是美國就業條件最差的經濟大蕭條時期
to enter the workforce during the Great Depression.
他從小就對寫作很感興趣，並在18歲的那年，他加入了時代漫畫公司
He was always interested in writing, and when
he turned 18, he got a job with Timely Comics,
也就是漫威公司的前身
the company that would later become Marvel.
恰巧那時候時代漫畫歸馬丁·古德曼所有，也就是斯坦·李表妹的丈夫
It just happened to be owned by Martin Goodman,
who was married to Lee' s cousin.
依靠這樣的家庭關係，斯坦·李找到了一份工作
How much this family connection helped Lee
get the job remains disputed.
那時候，斯坦·李認為他從事漫畫工作並不是長遠之計
At the time, Lee assumed his career in comics
would be short-lived, and worried that
並覺得這可能不利於他成為一位受人尊敬的小說家的夢想
it might hurt his ambition to become a respected
novelist.
因此，他以「斯坦·李」為筆名，並在此後許多年裡
As a result, he adopted "Stan Lee" as a pen
name and spent years introducing himself to
對外都自稱是一名「作家」，並且沒有透露過他的實際工作
people simply as "a writer," without telling
them what he wrote.
就在斯坦·李為漫威工作了不到一年時，漫威的時任主編
Lee had been working at Marvel for less than
a year when Joe Simon and Jack Kirby discovered
喬·西蒙和傑克·可比因美國隊長這一熱門角色的版稅問題
that Martin Goodman had been stiffing them
out of royalties
與馬丁·古德曼發生衝突
on their popular creation, Captain America.
一氣之下，可比與西蒙跳槽到了國家漫畫公司，也就是DC的前身
Outraged, Kirby and Simon quit Timely for
National Comics the company that would later become DC
古德曼立刻任命年僅19歲的斯坦·李取代西蒙作為主編
Goodman immediately appointed the 19-year-old
Stan Lee to replace Simon as editor-in-chief.
他大部分時間都在創作短篇漫畫和短篇故事
At the time, he had mostly written short "filler"
comics and brief text stories that were only
以此降低作品的出版費用
included so the comics could get a cheaper
rate on postage.
按照斯坦·李的猜想，主編的職務應該只是暫時的，但當時古德曼
According to Lee, the appointment was supposed
to be temporary, but Goodman became distracted
正忙於公司裡其他的出版業務，並忘了重新安排他的工作
with other branches of his publishing company
and forgot to replace him.
因此，斯坦·李在主編的崗位上一幹就是三十年
As it turned out, Lee remained in the post
for the next three decades, although,
但就像大多數跟他同樣年紀的漫畫作者那樣
like most comics creators of his generation
他在二戰期間加入了美國陸軍並服役了數年
he did take a few years out to serve in the army during World War II.
也正是在這段軍旅生涯中，他創作出了題為
It was there that he had his greatest fame
as an artist, designing posters warning soldiers
「性病？我才沒有呢！」的海報，以呼籲士兵們
against sexually transmitted diseases,
警惕性傳播疾病，並因此名聲大振
with the catchy caption "VD? Not Me!"
戰後，所有超級英雄漫畫的人氣都急劇下降
After the war, super heroes suffered a shockingly
rapid decline in popularity
同時，時代漫畫的所有超級英雄計劃都被取消了
and over at Timely, all super hero comics were canceled.
此時斯坦·李迫切地想要保住超級英雄的業務，並由於缺乏新創意
Lee, desperate to stay in business, had little
room for creativity.
儘管他費盡心思模仿其他公司的做法，推出了西部和怪獸題材的漫畫
Despite efforts to copy other companies's success with Westerns and monster comics,
漫威在1950年代依然多次瀕臨破產，據傑克·可比所說
the company repeatedly risked bankruptcy during
the 1950s, to the point that Jack Kirby said
曾經有一次他回到辦公室，發現搬運工在清空公司的家具時
斯坦·李正坐在一旁偷偷啜泣
he once came in to find Lee sobbing while
movers were taking furniture out of the office.
最終，古德曼讓斯坦·李解僱了公司其他所有員工
其中有許多還是他最親密的朋友
Goodman eventually made Lee fire all the other employees
including many of his closest friends,
但最終依然留下了斯坦·李
but kept Lee himself around.
39歲那年，斯坦·李告訴妻子他想退出漫畫行業，但就在那時
When Lee was 39, he told his wife, Joan, that
he wanted to quit, but DC had recently reinvigorated
DC重啟了他們超級英雄項目
並推出了「正義聯盟」系列漫畫
superhero comics with their new team book,
the Justice League of America.
為了提高漫威的銷量
斯坦·李和傑克·可比一起創作了「神奇四俠」
In an attempt to replicate those sales
Lee and Jack Kirby co-created the Fantastic Four
這一重要的做法拯救了漫威
並改寫了漫畫界的歷史
a huge hit that saved the company and changed
comics history.
斯坦·李和史蒂夫·迪特科一起創作出了蜘蛛俠和奇異博士兩個角色
With Steve Ditko, Stan had co-created Spider-Man
and Doctor Strange
但到了1965年後，他們之間的關係惡化到了極點，幾近絕交
but by the mid-60s， their relationship had deteriorated to the point
of being almost nonexistent.
迪特科因此一直十分緊張
但在繼續創作「神奇蜘蛛俠」系列時
Ditko had always been a little intense,
but as his tenure on Amazing Spider-Man continued,
他開始嘗試在故事中融入一些艾茵·蘭德的客觀主義哲學思想
he attempted to inject the stories with references
to Ayn Rand's Objectivist philosophy
只因為他是艾茵·蘭德的忠實信徒
in which he was an ardent believer.
這使他和斯坦·李意見不和
最後即使他們仍在同一個公司工作
That put him at odds with Lee, and eventually,
they just stopped speaking to each other,
他們也沒有再跟對方說過話
even as they continued working on the comic.
這樣的狀況一直持續到
The final straw came when the two creators
兩人因「綠魔」這一角色的設定產生分歧
disagreed over the true identity of the Green Goblin.
斯坦·李想讓綠魔成為諾曼·奧斯本，也就是蜘蛛俠父親最好的朋友
Lee wanted it to be Norman Osborn, the father
of Spider-Man's best friend
但據稱迪特科只想把綠魔設定成普通的反派
Ditko allegedly wanted the Goblin to be an unrelated criminal.
最後，斯坦·李的意見得到了採納
Lee won the argument.
迪特科因此不再執掌神奇蜘蛛俠這本漫畫
並且他的位置被同樣在漫威工作了好多年的老約翰·洛米塔來接替了
Ditko exited the book and was replaced by
John Romita Sr., who stayed with Marvel many years.
即便兩人爭吵不休
斯坦·李和迪特科依然是漫威內部兩股重要力量
並且都在同一年離開了大家
Despite their disputes, Lee and Ditko were
two forces to be reckoned with and both left us in the same year
迪特科於2018年6月29號因心臟病去世，享年90歲
Ditko passed away on June 29th of a heart
attack at the age of 90,
而斯坦·李也於數月後的11月12日辭世，享年95歲
while Lee followed a few months later on November 12th at the
age of 95.