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【試題】
In 1984 the World Chess Championship was called off abruptly due to withered frame of play whose competing for the title. He wasn't alone experiencing extreme physical effects of the game. Elite players can reportedly burn up to an absurd six thousand calories in one day. Does that mean that thinking harder is a simple route to losing weight? Well,(19) when the body is at rest we know that the brain uses up a startling 20% to 25% of the body's overall energy. This level of utilization actually makes the brain the most energy-expensive organ in the body, and yet it makes up only 2% of the body's weight, overall.
So the more we put this organ to work, the more calories we'll burn? Technically, the answer is yes, for cognitively difficult tasks. What counts as a "difficult"' mental task varies between individuals. But generally, it could be described as something that "the brain cannot solve easily using previously learned routines, or tasks that change the conditions continuously. However, deep thinking will not burn off calories gained from eating a sugary snack. (20)Because in relation to the the brain's huge overall energy usage, which is devoted to a multitude of tasks, the energy required just to think harder is actually comparatively tiny. We are unconscious of most of what uses up the brain's energy.
A lot of that activity is unrelated to the conscious activities like learning how to sing or play the guitar.
(21)The brain is able to allocate blood and thus energy to particular regions that are being active at that point but the overall energy availability in the brain is for to be constant. So, while there might be significant increases in energy use at localized regions of the brain when we perform difficult cognitive tasks, when it comes to the whole brain's energy budget overall, these activities don’t significantly alter it.
So why the chess champion grew too skinny to compete in his chess competition? The general consensus is that it mostly comes down to stress and reduced food consumption, not mental exhaustion. Keeping your body pumped up for action for long periods of time is very energy demanding. If you can’t eat as often or as much as you can or would normally — then you might lose weight.
Question 19 to 20 are based on the recording you have just heard:
Questions 19: what do we learn about the brain when the body is at rest?
Question 20: what does the speaker say about the consumption of the brain's energy?
Question 21: what do we learn about the overall energy availability in the brain?
【答案】
(見上文劃線部分)
【解析】
Q19.
該題詢問了身體處於休息當中時，大腦會如何運轉。根據聽力定位技巧，則找到上文劃線句子19，便可識別出正確答案為 「the brain uses up a startling 20% to 25% of the body's overall energy」(大腦會驚人地消耗人體整體能量的20%-25%) 。
Q20.
該題詢問大腦能量的消耗。雖然文中未出現brain consumption，但是卻出現了consumption的同義詞「usage」和「use up」，則可定位到劃線句子(21)的位置，該題為典型的聽力同義詞轉換，若平時多注重詞彙多積累該題並不難回答。
Q21.
文中只出現一處availability，則由availability則定位到(21)劃線部分即為正確答案。
【聽力述評】
本次聽力講座的文本難度偏難，題源為Live Science 2019年文章 How Many Calories Can the Brain Burn by Thinking?該文章主要以西洋棋冠軍引出人身體在休息時也會消耗大量能量。三道題當中19、21聽到關鍵詞進行定位便可得出正確答案，20題則需要同義詞知識儲備。雖整體聽力便難，但想得到正確答案卻相對簡單。
【考後關注】
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