中國的酒歷史源遠流長，享譽中外，可以說酒滲透於整個中華五千年的文明史中，從文學藝術創作、文化娛樂到飲食烹飪、養生保健等各方面都在中國人生活中都佔有重要的位置。
今天是大年初七，大家過年期間想必也是喝到盡興了吧。今天的酒館就來和大家聊聊傳統的酒令（Traditional Chinese drinking games）。
酒令是筵宴上助興取樂的飲酒遊戲，是中國人在飲酒時助興的一種特有方式。酒令由來己久，可追溯至西周時代，最初可能是為了維持酒席上的秩序而設立的，提醒人們不要過量飲酒，在享受美酒的同時也不要忘記保持風度和禮儀。
Jiuling has a long history dating back to the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC - 771 BC). Originally it was introduced to regulate people's drinking habits and so ensure that they should observe rules of etiquette while not drinking to excess.
《紅樓夢》第四十回中就有描述：鴛鴦吃了一鍾酒，笑著說：「酒令大如軍令，不論尊卑，唯我是主，違了我的話，是要受罰的」。
總的說來，酒令是用來罰酒。
到了戰國時期，酒令加入了競爭賞罰環節，最受歡迎的酒令之一便是投壺 (Pitch pot).
It was during the Warring States Period (476 BC - 221 BC), that Jiuling evolved to include ways in which a toast could be made.
投壺是古代士大夫宴飲時做的一種投擲遊戲，也是一種禮儀。在戰國時期較為盛行，尤其是在唐朝，得到了發揚光大。投壺是把箭向壺裡投，投中多的為勝，負者照規定的杯數喝酒。
Pitch pot is a traditional East Asian game that requires players to throw sticks from a set distance into a large, sometimes ornate, canister
酒令在唐、宋、元、明、清時期繼續得到發展。它們不僅形式上潮流，還很具有藝術性，所以受到了優雅的知識分子以及普通的民眾的喜愛。
Jiuling continued to thrive through the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties along with the development of wine production. They became quite fashionable and even artistic in its form thus meeting the elegance of intellectuals and the practices of the common people.
一般來說，酒令根據受眾可以分為兩種，一類是給文人雅士玩的，是為雅令；而另一類則面向普羅大眾-是為通令。
Generally, Ju Ling can be divided into two categories, one for the intellectuals and the other for the general public.
能參加雅令的人多半需要滿腹詩書，知識淵博，反應機敏。
最常見的雅令就是出題作詩或者對對子。一般，會設有一名「令官」，宣布行令的規則，再給出一行詩設定一個基調或者韻腳，酒桌上的其他人需要根據規則繼續創作，讓這首優美的詩接續下去。如果漏了一行，失去了韻律，則需要罰酒一杯。
In one popular literary drinking game, or yaling (雅令), a 「supervisor」 would offer a line of poetry, setting down a pattern or rhyme for the others to follow. His drinking buddies then continued the composition on the spot, keeping this exquisite verse alive. He who missed a line, and lost the rhyme, paid the fine, then drank some wine.
文人行雅令，大多是爭奇鬥巧的文字遊戲，是比機智、逞才華、鬥思維的智力遊戲，不過也很能活躍飲酒氣氛，賓主盡歡。酒令包含經史百家、詩文曲詞，典故對聯、歷史傳說等等，有較高的文學欣賞價值。
Usually a literary game is a unique and artful literary contest that requires superior wisdom, broad knowledge and fast response. Players do their best to improvise original, novel, unpredictable and well-crafted literary pieces, including quotations from scriptures, history, poems, proverbs, and fairy tales.
中國詩詞大會帶火的飛花令便是雅令的一種，得名於唐代詩人韓翃《寒食》中的名句「春城無處不飛花」。
行飛花令時可選用詩和詞，也可用曲，但選擇的句子一般不超過七個字。比如說，酒宴上甲說一句第一字帶有「花」的詩詞，如「花近高樓傷客心」。乙要接續第二字帶「花」的詩句，如「落花時節又逢君」。丙可接「春江花朝秋月夜」，「花」在第三字位置上。丁接「人面桃花相映紅」，「花」在第四字位置上。接著可以是「不知近水花先發」、「出門俱是看花人」、「霜葉紅於二月花」等。到花在第七個字位置上則一輪完成，可繼續循環下去。
行令人一個接一個，當作不出詩、背不出詩或作錯、背錯時，由酒令官命令其喝酒。
流觴曲水，是源於中國的一種遊戲，後來流傳至日本、朝鮮半島。夏曆的三月人們舉行祓禊儀式之後，大家坐在河渠兩旁，在上流放置酒杯，酒杯順流而下，停在誰的面前，誰就取杯飲酒。
A winding stream party (Chinese: 流觴曲水; pinyin: liúshāngqūshuǐ 或者曲水流觴) is an old Chinese custom in which the participants, usually scholars or politicians, wait by a winding stream and compose poems before their cups full of rice wine float down to reach them.
東晉永和九年（353年）三月初三的上巳節，會稽內史王羲之偕親朋謝安、孫綽等四十二人，相聚會稽山陰（今浙江紹興）的蘭亭，修禊祭祀儀式後，舉行流觴曲水的遊戲，四十二人人飲酒詠詩，所作詩句結成了《蘭亭集》，王羲之為該集作《蘭亭集序》。從此流觴曲水，詠詩論文，飲酒賞景，歷經千年而盛傳不衰。
In the ninth year of the Emperor Yonghe (353 CE), forty-two literati gathered along the banks of a coursing stream and engaged in a drinking contest - cups of wine were drifting down from the upstream, and whenever a cup stopped in front of a guest, he had to compose a poem or otherwise drink the wine. At the end of the day, twenty-six literati composed thirty-seven poems in total and the Lantingji Xu, as a preface to the collection was produced by Wang on the spot.
通令則比較接地氣，行令方法一般有擲骰、抽籤、划拳、猜數等等，很容易活躍酒宴氛圍，熱鬧氣氛，因此比較流行。
But the uneducated masses weren’t entirely left out in the cold: popular drinking games, or tongling (通令), are an equally ancient tradition. Unlike the snobbish yaling, these accessible inebriators continue to be played in parks and pubs across China today. The most commonly seen are finger guessing.
民間流行的猜拳在唐代被成為「拇戰」，「打令」，即用手指中的若干個手指的手勢表示某個數，兩人出手後，相加必等於某數，遊戲雙方各報一數，如果所說數字和加數之和正好相同，則為贏家，說白了有點類似我們今天的划拳"十五，二十"的遊戲。
Finger guessing is fast, loud, and fun. Two drinkers each throw out a handful of fingers simultaneously, while shouting a number from zero to ten. If one of the drinkers somehow guesses the sum of fingers on show, they win, and the other takes a quaff. If both guess right, or, more likely, neither does, the game goes on.
猜拳的時候，還會說很多吉祥話，比如「一定恭喜」，「二泉映月」，「三星高照」，「八仙過海」等等，簡直快活熱鬧極了！
In anticipation of a late night, one rule states that the fool that shouts a number lower than the fingers they』ve actually shown is immediately due for a drink. To spice up the rowdy game, players can’t simply shout numbers. They have to toss out a pleasant-sounding, poetic phrase, instead. 「Two springs, reflecting the moon!」 「Three stars, hanging high!」 「Eight immortals, across the sea!」
因為猜拳形式簡單，通俗易學，又有很強的刺激性，因此深受廣大人民群眾喜愛，古代普通的民間家宴中，用的最多的也是這種酒令方式。
以上就是本期的特別節目-古代熱鬧的酒桌遊戲行酒令啦。
酒館的特別板塊
China Story
用英語 說中國
在每期的結尾，我們都會給大家一個小小的問題，一個展示自己的舞臺，本期的問題是：
和現在的酒桌遊戲比起來，古人的酒令頗有雅興，請問「有雅興」你會如何用英文解釋呢？
Jiuling – Traditional Chinese drinking games
酒令
Western Zhou
西周
Etiquette
禮儀
Drink to excess
過量飲酒
Pitch pot
投壺（戰國時盛行）
Warring States period
戰國時代
Elegance
風雅
Intellectual
知識分子/有文化的人
Literary drinking game
雅令
Rhyme
韻腳
Composition
作文/作詩
Improvise
即興創作
Scholar
學者
Literati
文人
Stream
小溪
Finger-guessing
划拳/猜枚
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酒館不打烊，陪你過新年。
鋪子有各種好吃好喝好玩好看的年貨正在熱銷中，從下方菜單進入酒館鋪子，挑選你中意的好物吧！