Is tourism harmful?
旅遊有害嗎？
Hello. This is 6 Minute English and I'm Rob.
大家好。這裡是六分鐘英語，我是羅伯。
This is the programme where in just six minutes we discuss an interesting topic and teach some related English vocabulary.
在這個節目中我們將在六分鐘的時間裡討論一個有趣的話題，並教授一些相關的英語詞彙。
Well, joining me to do this is Sam.
和我搭檔的是薩姆。
Hello!
大家好！
So what's our interesting topic today, Rob?
所以我們今天有趣的話題是什麼，羅伯？
Something close to our hearts, Sam – it's travel.
貼近我們內心的東西，薩姆——是旅行。
Great!
太棒了！
But more and more of us are travelling to explore the world.
但是越來越多的人去探索世界。
Many of us have more leisure time, and the cost of travelling has become relatively cheaper.
我們中的許多人有了更多的休閒時間，旅行的成本也變得相對便宜。
But here lies the problem.
但問題就在這兒。
The places we're visiting are becoming more crowded, sometimes spoiling the atmosphere andthe beauty – the things we came to see in the first place!
我們要去的地方變得越來越擁擠，有時會破壞氣氛和美景——那是我們首先要看到的事物！
This is why we're going to be discussing how some cities around the world are putting restrictions on the tourists who visit.
這就是為什麼我們要討論世界上一些城市是如何限制參觀遊客的。
But that's after I challenge you to answer this question, Sam! Are you ready?
但那是在我挑戰你回答這個問題之後，薩姆！你準備好了嗎？
Bring it on, Rob!
來吧，羅伯！
According to Mastercard's Global Destination Cities Index, what was the most visited city in 2018?
根據萬事達卡全球旅遊目的地城市指數，2018年遊客遊覽最多的城市是哪個？
Was it… a)London, b) New York, or c) Bangkok?
是a)倫敦，b)紐約，還是c)曼谷？
All great places to visit – but I think I'll stay close to home and say a) London.
都是很棒的遊覽之地，但我想我會待在離家很近的地方，選a)倫敦。
OK. Well, as always I will reveal the answer later in the programme.
好的。和往常一樣，稍後我將在節目中揭曉答案。
Now, let's start our journey in Italy's capital city, Rome.
現在，讓我們從義大利首都羅馬開始我們的旅程。
Famous for its Colosseum, Trevi Fountain and many other things.
它以羅馬競技場、特雷維噴泉和其它許多事物而聞名。
Lots of peopleare visiting, Rob – and locals and tourists have differing attitudes towards the way they respect these beautiful and historic sites.
很多人都在旅遊，羅伯，而且當地人和遊客尊重這些美麗的歷史遺蹟的方式有所不同。
Respect here is a verb, to mean treat something with care.
"Respect"在這裡是動詞，意思是小心對待某事物。
Well, the authorities in the city fear that some tourists are showing disrespect to thecity and have introduced laws to clamp down on certain behaviour.
好吧，城市政府部門擔心一些遊客對城市表現出不尊重，並且已經出臺法律來限制某些行為。
Clamp down means officially trying to stop or limit people doing something.
"Clam pdown"指的是官方地試圖阻止或限制人們做某事。
Sabina Castelfranco is a journalist in the city.
薩拜娜·卡斯特爾弗蘭科是該城市的一名記者。
She told BBC Radio 4's You and Yours programme why new restrictions have been introduced… The new rules are really to make sure that tourists do not misbehave when they are visiting tourist attractions in Rome.
她告訴BBC廣播4頻道的You and Yours節目為什麼會出臺新的限制……新規定是為了確保遊客在遊覽羅馬旅遊景點時不會行為不端。
Romans don't like to see tourists walking around bare-chested, they don't like to see them wading in their fountains.
羅馬人不喜歡看到遊客袒胸露背四處走動，他們不喜歡看到遊客在噴泉裡蹚水。
So really the objective is to improve the life of the city for residents and for tourists themselves.
所以真正的目的是改善城市居民和遊客自己的生活。
So, the new rules are to stop tourists misbehaving – that's doing bad or inappropriate things.
所以，新規定是為了阻止遊客行為不端，即做不好或不合適的事情。
I'm sure not all visitors misbehave – but those who have been, have been wading – that'swalking through water – in the famous fountains and men have not been covering up the top half of their bodies – so, going bare-chested.
我確定不是所有的遊客都行為不端，而是那些曾在著名的噴泉裡趟水的人——那是說從水裡走過，以及那些沒有遮住上半身的人——所以是說袒胸露背。
Not any more, Sam!
再也不會這樣了，薩姆！
These new laws have banned this with the objective of improving the life for the people of Rome –the Romans.
這些新法律禁止這樣做，其目的是改善羅馬的人們——羅馬人的生活。
An objective is a plan or aim to achieve something.
"目的"是為達成某事的計劃或目標。
Other laws introduced in Rome, with the objective of improving the city, include giving out severe fines to people who drop litter and to those who attach 'love padlocks' to historic monuments.
為改善城市環境，羅馬還出臺了其它法律，包括對亂扔垃圾的人和在歷史遺蹟上掛"愛情掛鎖"的人處以重罰。
Well, I guessif it makes the city a nicer place to visit for everyone, then it's a goodidea.
好吧，我想如果它能讓這個城市成為一個對大家來說更棒的遊覽之地，那它是個好主意。
Well, let's talk about another historic old city – Bruges in Belgium.
讓我們來談談另一個歷史悠久的城市——比利時的布魯日。
The old andnarrow streets are often packed with sightseers – so restrictions have been introduced there.
悠久而狹窄的街道上常常擠滿了觀光客，所以那裡實行了限制。
Helen Coffey, deputy travel editor for the Independent newspaper, also spoke to the You andYours programme, to explain what is going on…
《獨立報》的旅遊副編輯海倫·科菲也接受了You and Yours節目的採訪，解釋了目前的情況。
Bruges was the latest city to say we're going to introduce new regulations to crack down on what they called the Disney fication of their city.
布魯日是最新一個表示自己即將出臺新規來限制所謂的迪士尼化的城市。
A really key one is they're going to cap the number of cruises that can dock, and actually this a big one that lots of cities do.
一個非常關鍵的問題是，他們將限制可停靠的遊輪數量，實際上，很多城市都在這麼做。
They basically don't like cruise visitors because cruise visitors don't spend money.
本質上來說他們不喜歡遊輪遊客，因為遊輪遊客不花錢。
So Helen mentioned a crackdown – which like clampdown – means taking action to restrictor stop certain activities.
所以海倫提到了打擊——就像限制——那指的是採取行動限制或叫停某些活動。
And Bruges wants to crack down on the Disney fication of the city.
布魯日想要打擊這座城市的迪士尼化。
This term describes turning something into an artificial, not real, commercial environment, similar to a Walt Disney theme park.
這個詞描述的是把某事物變成一個人造的，不真實的商業環境，類似於迪士尼主題公園。
I'm not sure it's that similar yet, but one way to maintain the authentic feel of the cityis to cap the number of cruises that can dock.
我還不確定它是否相似，但保持城市真實感的一種方法是限制可停靠的遊輪數量。
Cap means restrict or limit.
"Cap"指的是約束或限制。
It's felt that visitors who come by cruise ship, don't stay overnight and therefore don't bring much money into the city.
有一種感覺，坐遊輪來的遊客不會在這裡過夜，因此不會給這座城市帶來多少錢。
The message from the city authorities is 'stay overnight or don't come! '
該城市政府部門發出的信息是——要麼在這裡過夜，要麼不要來！
Well, one city that has people visiting for the day or staying longer is the most visited cityin the world – but where is that, Sam?
好的，有一個城市是世界上遊客遊覽最多的城市，遊客在那裡停留一天或更長時間，但那是在哪裡，薩姆？
Earlier I asked you what the most visited city in 2018 was?
之前我問你2018年遊客遊覽最多的城市是哪個？
Was it… a)London b) New York, or c) Bangkok?
是a)倫敦，b)紐約，還是c)曼谷？
And I said London.
我說是倫敦。
That was insecond place.
那是遊客遊覽第二多的地方。
The most visited city last year was Bangkok, in Thailand.
去年遊客最多的城市是泰國的曼谷。
OK, Rob. Well, maybe what I can get right is a recap of today's vocabulary.
好的，羅伯。也許我能做對的是回顧一下今天的詞彙。
Starting with respect. If you respect something you treat it with care.
從"尊重"開始。如果你尊重某事物，你就會小心對待它。
We also discussed clamp down, which means officially trying to stop or limit people doing something.
我們還討論了"限制"，那指的是官方地試圖阻止或限制人們做某事。
Crack downis a similar phrase.
"打擊"是相似的短語。
To misbehave is to do something bad or inappropriate.
"行為不端"是指做了不好或不合適的事情。
And an objective is a plan or aim to achieve something.
而"目的"是實現某事的一個計劃或目標。
Our next wordis Disney fication - a term that describes turning something into an artificial, not real, commercial environment, similar to a Walt Disney theme park.
我們下一個單詞是"迪士尼化"，這個詞描述的是把某事物變成一個人造的，不真實的商業環境，類似於迪士尼主題公園。
And finally wehad cap – which means restrict or limit.
最後我們學了"cap"，意思是約束或限制。
Well, we've had to cap this programme at 6 minutes – and we're out of time.
好的，我們不得不把這個節目的時間限制在6分鐘，我們沒時間了。
Goodbye!
再見了！
Bye bye
再見！
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