一行禪師《佛陀傳》中英對照03——當牧童初次遇上佛陀

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前言：

《佛陀傳》：又名《故道白雲》，是全世界目前影響力最大的佛陀傳記，一行禪師的偉大作品！了解佛陀的生平，是深刻理解佛法智慧所在的第一步。

  睡覺之前，縛悉底坐在竹樹下回顧他初遇佛陀的幾個月。那時他只有十一歲，母親又剛去世，留下他去照顧三個小弟妹。因為最小的妹妹還是個嬰孩，所以連奶也沒得吃。幸好村內有個叫雷布爾的莊主僱用縛悉底替他看顧三隻大水牛和一隻小乳牛，縛悉底才可以天天帶水牛奶回家給小妹妹喝。

他非常細心地看顧水牛，因為他知道這份工作可令他的弟妹無須挨餓。自從他的父親死後，他們的屋蓋就沒有再重新搭過。每次下雨，盧培克都會被弄得團團轉，忙著把石罈子搬到漏水的位置去接漏下來的雨水。芭娜當時只有六歲，但已懂得燒飯、照顧妹妹和收集林中的柴木。雖然她其實也只是一個小孩，卻已懂得搓麵粉做烘包給大家吃。對他們來說，可以買一點咖喱粉是非常罕有的事。每當縛悉底拖水牛回到牛房時，雷布爾廚房中傳出來的那誘人的咖喱香味，往往令他垂涎三尺。

自從父親死後，烘包蘸上咖喱肉汁似乎已成了不可復得的佳餚。他們的衣服只比爛布好一點。縛悉底的下身用一塊殘破的布裹著。天氣寒冷時，他就加搭一塊咖啡色的舊布在肩膀上。這塊布雖然已殘舊褪色，但對縛悉底來說，卻是非常珍貴的。縛悉底需要找些好地點放水牛吃草。他知道如果水牛餓著肚子回牛房，雷布爾莊主會打他一頓。除此之外，他還要帶一大把青草回去，讓水牛晚上在牛房裡也有草吃。如果夜間的蚊子太多，他就要燃起火來，用煙去趕走它們。莊主每三天以米、麵粉和鹽給他作酬勞。有時，縛悉底會帶幾條他在尼連禪河捉來的魚回家給芭娜做晚餐。一天中午，縛悉底洗過水牛和割了草後，很想在清涼的樹林中寧靜一下。放水牛在林邊吃草後，他便在四周尋找一棵可以倚著坐的大樹。突然，他停了下來。離他不到二十尺的畢缽羅樹下，竟有一個男子默默地在那兒坐著。
縛悉底從未見過比這個男子坐得更好看的人。這男子的背部十分挺直，而他的雙腳則安然地放在大腿上。他的坐姿是那麼平穩沉著，就好像是有特別的意思似的。他的雙眼閉上一半，而他微蜷的手掌就輕放在大腿上。他身上搭著一件黃色的袍，裸著一邊肩膀。他全身都散發著平和、恬靜和威嚴。就只望他一眼，縛悉底已感到一陣奇妙的清新。他心懷顫動。他不明白自己為何竟會因一個素未謀面的人產生這樣特別的感覺，但他依然心存敬意地呆立在那裡良久。那男人終於張開眼睛。當他放開雙腿輕輕按摩著腳跟和腳底時，他仍未察覺到縛悉底。慢慢起來後，他開始步行。因他是背著縛悉底而行，所以仍未看見他。縛悉底默不作聲地觀看這人緩慢但卻全神貫注的步伐。大概行了七八步左右，這個男人才轉過身來。這時，他看見縛悉底了。他對這個男孩展顏微笑。從來沒有人這樣殷切地跟縛悉底招呼過。如同被一股無形的力量驅使，縛悉底直奔向他。但當縛悉底走到離他數尺時，卻突然停了下來，因為他這時才想起自己是不可以接觸任何比他高貴的人的。縛悉底是「不可接觸者」。他不屬於四姓階級中任何一姓。他父親從前曾對他解說過，婆羅門是最高貴的階級。所有出自這個種姓的都是祭師或熟讀《吠陀》及各類經典的教士。大梵天初創人類時，婆羅門是從他的口中而生。次級是剎帝利。他們都是軍政界的高層人士，是從大梵天的兩手而出。跟著便是吠舍種姓。他們是指一般商人、農夫和工匠等，是從大梵天的大腿而出。最低級便是首陀羅。他們是從大梵天的雙腳而出，以勞力維生。但縛悉底一家則是連階級也沒有的「不可接觸者」。他們被要求在村外一些規定的地方居住，而且所做的工作都是最低賤的，如收垃圾、施肥、掘路、餵豬和看水牛。每個人都要接受自己出生時的階級。他們的聖典教人一定要接受自己的階級才會得到快樂。如果一個像縛悉底的人碰觸到階級比他高的人，他一定會被責打的。在優樓頻螺的村裡，便曾經有一個「不可接觸者」因碰到一個婆羅門的手而被毒打一番。對婆羅門和剎帝利來說，碰觸到「不可接觸者」是一種汙染。他們需要回家絕食克己數星期來清潔自己。每當縛悉底拉水牛回家時，他總會儘量避免行近任何高階級的人或莊主的家門。所以他認為水牛也比他幸運，因為婆羅門可以觸摸水牛而不覺得有所汙染。就算是高階級的人自己不小心碰到「不可接觸者」，後者也一樣會被毫不留情地痛打一頓。縛悉底眼前站著的是一個極具吸引力的男子，而他的風度舉止也很明顯地告訴縛悉底他們是不同身份的人。這樣一個和藹慈祥的人當然不會打他，但縛悉底只怕自己如果碰到他，會使他有所汙染。這就是縛悉底走近他時突然停下來的原因。看見縛悉底的畏縮，那人主動上前。為免與他碰到，縛悉底退後了幾步。但說時遲那時快，那男子已伸出左手抓住了縛悉底的肩膀，又同時用右手在他頭上輕拍了一下。縛悉底怔住了。從來沒有人這樣溫柔和親切地在他頭上觸摸過。但他又忽然感到惶恐。「孩子，不用害怕！」那人帶著給他信心的語氣，輕聲地說。聽到他的聲音，縛悉底的恐懼完全消失。他抬起頭來，凝望著那慈祥和包容的微笑。再躊躇一會兒，縛悉底吞吞吐吐地說：「大人，我很喜歡你。」那人用手輕輕託起縛悉底的下巴來，望著他的眼睛說：「我也很喜歡你。你住在附近嗎？」縛悉底沒有回答。他把那男人的左手放到他自己的雙手裡，然後問他心裡感到極困惑的問題：「我這樣觸摸你，你不覺得是汙染嗎？」那人搖著頭笑了起來，「當然不覺得。孩子，你是人，我也是人啊！你沒可能汙染我的。不要聽信這樣說的人。」他拖著縛悉底的手一同行到林邊。水牛正在安靜地吃草。那人又望著縛悉底說：「你是看水牛的嗎？這些草一定是你給他們割下來的晚餐了。你叫什麼名字？你的房子在附近嗎？」縛悉底很禮貌地回答道：「是的，大人，是我看顧這四隻水牛和這隻小乳牛的。我名叫縛悉底，就住在對岸優樓頻螺村外。請問大人可否告訴我您的名字和住處？」那人慈祥地答道：「當然可以。我叫悉達多，我的家離這裡很遠，但現在我住在森林裡。」悉達多點頭。縛悉底知道隱士通常是居住在山中靜修的。雖然他們才剛剛相識，沒談上幾句話，但縛悉底已覺得與這個新朋友有一份特別親切的感情。住在優樓頻螺以來，從未有人對他的態度如此友善、說話如此熱誠。他的內心充滿喜悅，令他很想把這份快樂表達出來。如果他有一份禮物可以送給悉達多，那就好極了！可惜他的口袋裡連一片甘蔗或冰糖都沒有，更何況銅錢呢！雖然他沒有什麼可以奉獻，但他仍鼓起勇氣說：「先生，我很想送您一點東西，但我什麼都沒有。」悉達多對縛悉底笑笑，說道：「你其實有。你有一些我很喜歡的東西。」悉達多指著那堆姑屍草，「你給水牛割的草又香又軟。如果你可以給我幾撮來造一個坐墊，讓我在樹下靜坐時用，我就非常高興了。」縛悉底的雙眼發亮。他立即跑到草堆那兒，用他兩隻瘦瘦的手臂捧了一大把草來送給悉達多。「這是我剛在河邊割來的，請您收下吧。我可以再多割一些給水牛。」悉達多雙手合上形成蓮花狀，收下了這份禮物。他說：「你是個仁慈的孩子。我多謝你。現在快去再割些草給水牛吧，不要等得太晚了。如果可以的話，明天請再來森林找我吧。」年輕的縛悉底俯首作別，然後站在那兒看著悉達多在樹林中消失。他拾起鐮刀朝河邊方向走，心中充滿無限溫馨。那時正是初秋，姑屍草仍非常柔軟，而他的鐮刀又剛磨利過。不多久，縛悉底又已捧著滿臂姑屍草了。縛悉底拉著水牛，帶它們過尼連禪河水最淺的地方，回雷布爾家去。小乳牛似乎還不想離開沿岸甜美的青草，一路上要縛悉底哄著走。縛悉底肩上的草並不很重。涉著水，他和水牛一起過河。Before falling asleep, Svasti sat beneath a bamboo tree and recalled the months he had first met the Buddha. He was just eleven years old then, and his mother had recently died, leaving him in charge of his three younger siblings. His youngest sister, an infant, had no milk to drink. Luckily, a man in the village named Rambhul hired Svasti to tend his water buffaloes—four grown buffaloes and one calf. And so Svasti was able to milk a buffalo cow everyday and feed his baby sister. He tended the water buffaloes with utmost care, for he knew that he had to keep his job or his siblings would starve. Since his father’s death, their roof had not been rethatched, and every time it rained, Rupak had to scurry about placing stone jars beneath the gaping holes to catch the rainwater. Bala was only six years old but had to learn to cook, care for her baby sister, and gather firewood in the forest. Though just a small child, she could knead flour into chappati bread for her siblings to eat. Rarely could they buy even a bit of curry powder. When Svasti led the buffaloes back to their stable, the tantalizing fragrance of curry drifting from Rambhul’s kitchen made his mouth water. Chappati dipped in curry sauce cooked with meat had been an unknown luxury since his father died. The children’s clothes were little more than rags. Svasti owned but one worn dhoti. When it was cold he wrapped an old brown cloth around his shoulders. It was threadbare and faded, but precious to him, nonetheless.Svasti had to find good grazing spots for the buffaloes, for if he returned them to their stable hungry, he knew he would be beaten by Mr. Rambhul. In addition, he had to carry home a sizable bundle of grass every evening for the buffaloes to eat throughout the night. On evenings when the mosquitoes were thick, Svasti lit a fire to chase them away with the smoke. Rambhul paid him in rice, flour, and salt every three days. Some days, Svasti was able to bring home a few fish that he had caught along the edges of the Neranjara River for Bhima to cook.One afternoon, after he had bathed the buffaloes and cut a bushel of grass, Svasti felt like spending a quiet moment alone in the cool forest. Leaving the buffaloes grazing at the forest’s edge, Svasti looked about for a tall tree to restagainst. Suddenly he stopped. There was a man sitting silently beneath a pippala tree, no more than twenty feet away. Svasti gazed at him in wonder. He had never before seen anyone sit so beautifully. The man’s back was perfectly straight, and his feet rested elegantly upon his thighs. He held himself with utmost stability and inner purpose. His eyes appeared to be half-closed, and his folded hands rested lightly on his lap. He wore a faded yellow robe which left one shoulder bare. His body radiated peace, serenity, and majesty. Just one look at him, and Svasti felt wondrously refreshed. His heart trembled. He did not understand how he could feel something so special for a person he hadn’t even met, but he stood immobile in utter respect for a long moment.Then the man opened his eyes. He did not see Svasti at first, as he uncrossed his legs and gently massaged his ankles and the soles of his feet. Slowly he stood up and began to walk. Because he walked in the opposite direction, he still did not see Svasti. Without making a sound, Svasti watched the man take slow, meditative steps along the forest floor. After seven or eight such steps, the man turned around, and it was then that he noticed Svasti.He smiled at the boy. No one had ever smiled with such gentle tolerance at Svasti before. As though drawn by an invisible force, Svasti ran towards the man, but when he was within a few feet, he stopped in his tracks, remembering that he had no right to approach anyone of higher caste.Svasti was an untouchable. He did not belong to any of the four social castes. His father had explained to him that the brahmana caste was the highest, and people born into this caste were priests and teachers who read and understood the Vedas and other scriptures and made offerings to the gods. When Brahma created the human race, the brahman issued from his mouth. The ksatriya were the next highest caste. They could hold political and military positions, as they had issued from Brahma’s two hands. Those of the vaisya caste were merchants, farmers, and craftspeople who had sprung from Brahma’s thighs. Those of the sudra caste had come from Brahma’s feet and were the lowest of the four castes. They did only the manual labor not performed by the higher castes. But Svasti’s family members were 「untouchables,」 those who had no caste at all. They were required to build their homes outside of the village limits, and they did the lowest kinds of work such as collecting garbage, spreading manure, digging roads, feeding pigs, and tending water buffaloes. Everyone had to accept the caste into which he or she was born. The sacred scriptures taught that happiness was the ability to accept one’s position.If an untouchable like Svasti touched a person of a higher caste, he would bebeaten. In the village of Uruvela, an untouchable man had been beaten severely for touching a brahman with his hand. A brahman or ksatriya touched by an untouchable was considered polluted and had to return home to fast and do penance for several weeks in order to cleanse himself. Whenever Svasti led the buffaloes home, he took great pains not to pass near any person of high caste on the road or outside Rambhul’s house. It seemed to Svasti that even the buffaloes were more fortunate than he, because a brahman could touch a buffalo without being polluted. Even if, through no fault of the untouchable, a person of higher caste accidentally brushed against him, the untouchable could still be ruthlessly beaten.Here, before Svasti, stood a most attractive man, and it was clear from his bearing that he did not share the same social status. Surely someone with so kind and tolerant a smile would not beat Svasti even if he did touch him, but Svasti did not want to be the cause of pollution of someone so special, and that was why he froze when he and the man were a few steps apart. Seeing Svasti’s hesitation, the man stepped forward himself. Svasti stepped back to avoid coming in contact with the man, but the man was quicker, and in the blink of an eye had grasped Svasti by the shoulder with his left hand. With his right hand, he gave Svasti a tender pat on the head. Svasti stood motionless. No one had ever touched him on the head in so gentle and affectionate way, and yet he felt suddenly panic-stricken.「Don’t be afraid, child,」 the man said in a quiet and reassuring voice.At the sound of that voice, Svasti’s fears disappeared. He lifted his head and gazed at the man’s kind and tolerant smile. After hesitating for a moment, he stammered, 「Sir, I like you very much.」The man lifted Svasti’s chin in his hand and looked into the boy’s eyes. 「And I like you also. Do you live nearby?」Svasti did not answer. He took the man’s left hand in his own two hands and asked the question that was troubling him, 「When I touch you like this, aren’t you being polluted?」The man laughed and shook his head. 「Not at all, child. You are a human being and I am a human being. You can’t pollute me. Don’t listen to what people tell you.」He took Svasti’s hand and walked with him to the edge of the forest. The water buffaloes were still grazing peacefully. The man looked at Svasti and asked, 「Do you tend these buffaloes? And that must be the grass you have cut for their dinner. What is your name? Is your house nearby?」Svasti offered Siddhartha an armful of kusa grass to use as a cushion.Svasti answered politely, 「Yes, Sir, I care for these four buffaloes and that one calf, and that is the grass I cut. My name is Svasti and I live on the other side of the river just beyond the village of Uruvela. Please, Sir, what is your name and where do you live? Can you tell me?」The man answered kindly, 「Certainly. My name is Siddhartha, and my home is far away, but at present I am living in this forest.」Siddhartha nodded. Svasti knew that hermits were men who usually lived and meditated up in the mountains.Though they had just met and exchanged no more than a few words, Svasti felt a warm bond with his new friend. In Uruvela, no one had ever treated him in so friendly a way or spoken to him with such warmth. A great happiness surged within him, and he wanted to somehow express his joy. If only he had some gift he could offer Siddhartha! But there was no penny in his pocket, not even a piece of sugar cane or rock candy. What could he offer? He had nothing, but he summoned the courage to say,「Mister, I wish I had something to give you as a gift, but I have nothing.」Siddhartha looked at Svasti and smiled. 「But you do. You have something I would like very much.」Siddhartha pointed to the pile of kusa grass. 「That grass you have cut for the buffaloes is soft and fragrant. If you could give me a few handfuls I shall make a sitting cushion for my meditation beneath the tree. That would make me very happy.」Svasti’s eyes shone. He ran to the pile of grass, gathered a large bundle in his thin arms, and offered it to Siddhartha.「I just cut this grass down by the river. Please accept it. I can easily cut more for the buffaloes.」 Siddhartha placed his hands together like a lotus bud and accepted the gift. He said, 「You are a very kind boy. I thank you. Go and cut some more grass for your buffaloes before it grows too late. If you have a chance, please come and see me tomorrow afternoon in the forest again.」Young Svasti bowed his head in farewell and stood watching as Siddhartha disappeared back into the forest. Then he picked up his sickle and headed for the shore, his heart filled with the warmest of feelings. It was early autumn. The kusa grass was still soft and his sickle was newly sharpened. It wasn’t long at all before Svasti had cut another large armful of kusa grass.Svasti led the buffaloes to Rambhul’s home, guiding them to cross a shallow section of the Neranjara River. The calf was reluctant to leave the sweet grass along the shore and Svasti had to coax her along. The bushel of grass on his shoulder was not heavy and Svasti waded across the river together with the buffaloes.

< 未完待續 >

一行禪師《佛陀傳》中英對照01

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31、八敬法——《佛陀》中女子出家片段

32、極惡→至善——《佛陀》教您重生如觀世音

33、阿難的愛——《佛陀》精彩片段

34、如何將善行與智慧發揮到極致——《佛陀》精彩辯論

35、去偽存真 因果不虛——《佛陀》精彩片段

36、尋找愛你之愛——《佛陀》精彩啟示

37、寬恕一切 皈依三寶——《佛陀》精彩啟示

38、學會質疑   做自己的燈——《佛陀》精彩啟示

39、利益祖先的孝——《佛陀》精彩片段

40、就在當下——利益祖先的孝2《佛陀》精彩片段

41、滅諍七法——《佛陀》精彩片段

42、如何能見到生命的真諦

43、超越生死假相——《佛陀》精彩片段

44、生命中最大的失敗——《佛陀》精彩片段

45、三句真言　重塑人性——《佛陀》精彩片段

46、詰難問答——《佛陀》精彩片段

47、拈花一笑——《佛陀》精彩片段

48、生命的奧秘——《佛陀》精彩片段

49、在家生活的要點——《佛陀》精彩片段

50、為何稱「如來」——《佛陀》精彩片段

51、超越無明 生死無別

52、最後一位親授比丘——《佛陀》精彩片段

53、生命奇蹟  佛法濟世——《佛陀》大結局片段

愛出愛返福往福來 隨喜轉載功德無量

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