5月,長徵五號B運載火箭首次飛行任務取得圓滿成功;2020珠峰高程測量登山隊成功登頂珠穆朗瑪峰;全國各類學校陸續開始複課;低風險地區中小學生在校不用戴口罩;歐洲各國開始逐步解除疫情防控封鎖政策;全國兩會勝利召開。
長徵五號B運載火箭 Long March-5B carrier rocket
5月5日,長徵五號B運載火箭首次飛行任務取得圓滿成功,拉開了我國空間站在軌建造階段飛行任務的序幕。
The China Manned Space Agency said the flight of the carrier rocket Long March-5B successfully verified the overall design and technologies of the new rocket and also marked the beginning of the third stage in China's manned space program, which aims to put a manned space station into orbit.
中國載人航天工程辦公室表示,長徵五號B運載火箭首飛成功,驗證了新型火箭的總體設計和技術,同時也標誌著我國載人航天工程第三階段——空間站在軌建造——拉開序幕。
【知識點】
1992年,黨中央作出實施載人航天工程「三步走」發展戰略(three-step manned space program):
第一步,發射載人飛船(manned spaceship),建成初步配套的試驗性載人飛船工程,開展空間應用實驗。2013年神舟5號載人飛船任務順利完成。
第二步,突破航天員出艙活動技術(extra-vehicular activity)、空間飛行器的交會對接技術(rendezvous and docking),發射空間實驗室(space lab),解決有一定規模的、短期有人照料的空間應用問題。
2017年4月20日19時41分,天舟一號貨運飛船(cargo spacecraft Tianzhou-1)成功發射。此次任務是中國載人航天工程空間實驗室階段(space laboratory stage of China manned space engineering)的收官之戰,標誌著中國載人航天工程勝利完成「三步走」戰略中的「第二步」任務,為空間站建設任務奠定堅實技術基礎。
第三步,建造空間站,解決有較大規模的、長期有人照料的空間應用問題(operate a permanent manned space station)。
按計劃,我國空間站將於2022年前後完成建造,一共規劃12次飛行任務。
After the maiden flight of the Long March-5B, the core module of the space station, named Tianhe, and two experiment capsules, named Wentian and Mengtian, will be sent into space.
此次任務後,將先後發射天和核心艙、問天實驗艙和夢天實驗艙。
During the construction of the space station, China plans to launch four Shenzhou manned spaceships and four Tianzhou cargo spacecraft to transport astronauts and supplement materials
其間,規劃發射4艘神舟載人飛船和4艘天舟貨運飛船,進行航天員乘組輪換和貨物補給。
The assembly of the station's core module has been completed, and the two experiment capsules and the scientific payloads are under development.
目前,我國空間站核心艙已完成正樣產品總裝,問天實驗艙和夢天實驗艙正在開展初樣研製,空間科學應用載荷已陸續轉入正樣研製。
The crewmembers to participate in the construction of the space station have been selected and are trained for the missions. China's third batch of reserve astronauts will be selected around July.
執行空間站建造階段飛行任務的航天員乘組已經選定,正在開展任務訓練。我國第三批預備航天員選拔工作也將於今年7月完成。
珠峰高程測量 measure the height of Mount Qomolangma
5月6日,2020珠峰高程測量登山隊出發儀式在珠峰登山大本營舉行。
A team of over 30 Chinese surveyors Wednesday left a base camp at Mount Qomolangma for a higher spot on their journey to the peak, as they endeavour to accomplish a mission to remeasure the height of the world's highest mountain.
30多名測量隊員5月6日從珠峰大本營向更高海拔出發,開啟珠峰高程登頂測量。珠穆朗瑪峰是世界最高峰。
The team, consisting of professional climbers and surveyors from the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), will seize the current weather window and attempt for the summit at the optimal time.
此次測量登山隊由專業登山運動員和自然資源部的測繪人員構成。隊員們力爭抓住近日的好天氣窗口,擇日登頂測量。
珠峰高程測量(measure the height of Mount Qomolangma)的核心是精確測定珠峰高度,這同時也是一項代表國家測繪科技發展水平的綜合性測繪工程。
此次珠峰高程測量的成果可用於地球動力學板塊運動(geodynamics)等領域研究。精確的峰頂雪深、氣象和風速等數據(accurate data on snow depth, meteorology and wind speed at the summit ),將為冰川監測(glacier monitoring)、生態環境保護(environmental protection)等方面的研究提供第一手資料。
本次珠峰高程測量工作重點在以下五方面實現技術創新和突破:
一是依託北鬥衛星導航系統(the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System),開展測量工作;
二是國產測繪儀器裝備(homegrown surveying equipment)全面擔綱本次測量任務;
三是應用航空重力技術(airborne gravimeter),提升測量精度;
四是利用實景三維技術(3D Interactive Virtual Reality),直觀展示珠峰自然資源狀況;
五是測繪隊員登頂觀測(take the measurement at the peak of the mountain),獲取可靠測量數據。
Members of a Chinese surveying team reached Mt. Qomolangma summit at 11 am Wednesday.
5月27日上午11時整, 2020珠峰高程測量登山隊成功登上珠穆朗瑪峰峰頂。
500米以上建築 buildings taller than 500 meters
住建部和國家發改委聯合下發通知,要求嚴格限制各地盲目規劃建設超高層「摩天樓」。
No buildings taller than 500 meters will be allowed unless their plans are approved by the two central government bodies following strict examinations, said the document.
通知指出,一般不得新建500米以上建築,各地因特殊情況確需建設的,應進行嚴格審查後上報住建部和發改委覆核。
Provincial housing and urban-rural development departments are authorized to approve construction of buildings over 250 meters in height, though plans for such buildings need to be registered at the ministry.
新建250米以上建築由省級住房和城鄉建設部門進行建築方案審查,並報住房和城鄉建設部備案。
Management will be intensified for construction of big public facilities, including stadiums, museums, exhibition halls and theaters, to prevent imitation in architecture designs.
各地要對體育場館、展覽館、博物館、大劇院等超大體量公共建築進行嚴格管理,嚴禁建築模仿、山寨行為。
同時,各地應加強自然生態、歷史人文、景觀敏感等重點地段城市與建築風貌管理,健全法規制度,加強歷史文化遺存(historical and cultural remains)、景觀風貌保護,嚴格管控新建建築,不拆除歷史建築(historical architecture)、不拆傳統民居(traditional dwellings)、不破壞地形地貌、不砍老樹。
免戴口罩政策 mask-free policy
國家衛健委、教育部日前制定《中小學校新冠肺炎疫情防控技術方案(修訂版)》(以下簡稱《方案》)。
Primary and secondary school students no longer need to wear masks on campuses in areas with a low risk of COVID-19, according to the protocols.
《方案》明確,低風險地區校園內學生不需佩戴口罩。
Teachers of such schools are also allowed to go mask-free when giving class, while it is not recommended for infants and kids to wear masks in nurseries and kindergartens.
老師授課時不需戴口罩,同時,幼託機構幼童不建議戴口罩。
Janitors, sanitation workers and canteen workers are required to wear masks.
校門值守人員、清潔人員及食堂工作人員等應當佩戴口罩。
在控制校內人員密度方面《方案》要求:
Schools, where conditions allow, should ensure that students are seated at least one meter apart from each other.
有條件的學校,應保證每名學生前後左右間距保持1米。
The protocols advised that large classes be divided up into smaller ones, or that students of large classes go to school at staggered hours.
對學生人數較多的班級可分班教學或錯時上學。
Dormitories of boarding schools should not be located in the basement, the protocols read, adding that there should be no more than six students allocated to each dorm room.
寄宿學校的宿舍不應位於地下室,同時,每間宿舍入住的學生不得超過6名。
出現疑似感染症狀應急處置方面,《方案》要求:
Staff and students should report their health conditions and whereabouts in the last 14 days to the school before returning to campus. Also, schools are required to urge people with symptoms, including fever, fatigue, dry cough or diarrhea, to seek medical help.
教職工及學生返校前應報告健康狀況及過去14天的活動軌跡,同時要求有發熱、乏力、乾咳或腹瀉等症狀的人員就醫排查。
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