本人(即下方籤署人),阿爾弗雷德·伯恩哈德·諾貝爾,經慎重考慮,茲就死後留下的財產,立以下為最後遺囑:
我的侄子,即我的兄弟羅伯特·諾貝爾的兒子,加爾馬和盧德維格·諾貝爾,將分別獲得20萬克朗。
我的侄子艾曼紐·諾貝爾將獲得30萬克朗,我的侄女米娜·諾貝爾將獲得10萬克朗。
我的兄弟羅伯特·諾貝爾的女兒,英格伯格和泰拉將分別獲得10萬克朗。
現居住於巴黎聖弗洛倫丁街十號布蘭德太太家中的奧爾加·勃特格小姐,將獲得10萬法郎。
地址在維也納Anglo-Oesterreichische銀行的蘇菲·卡皮·馮·卡皮瓦女士,有權領取6000弗洛林年金。這些錢將由上述銀行支付。為此,我已在該銀行存入15萬弗洛林匈牙利主權債券。
居住在斯德哥爾摩斯的圖爾加坦大街26號的阿拉裡克·利德貝克先生,將獲得10萬克朗。
居住在巴黎呂貝克街32號的伊麗莎·安圖小姐,有權領取2500法郎年金。此外,她有權獲得48000法郎,這筆財產屬於她,目前存放在我這裡。
美國德克薩斯州沃特福德的阿爾弗雷德·哈蒙德先生將獲得1萬美元。
柏林波茨坦大街51號的艾米·溫克爾曼小姐和瑪麗·溫克爾曼小姐將分別獲得5萬馬克。
法國尼姆維亞杜克比斯大道2號的高徹夫人將獲得10萬法郎。
受僱於我在聖雷莫的實驗室的奧古斯特·奧斯瓦爾德和他的妻子阿爾方斯·圖爾南德,將分別獲得1000法郎年金。
我的前僱員,居住在法國薩昂郡聖洛朗5號的約瑟夫·吉拉多,有權領取500法郎年金;我的前園丁讓·勒考夫,目前在法國埃庫昂的稅務官德蘇特夫人處工作,將獲得300法郎的年金。
巴黎康比涅街2號的喬治·費倫巴赫先生有權自1896年1月1日起至1899年1月1日止領取5000法郎的年度養恤金。
我兄弟的孩子——加爾馬、盧德維格、英格伯格和泰拉各有2萬克朗的存款,存放在我這裡,有收據為證,這筆財產將返還給他們。
所有剩餘的可變現資產將按以下方式分配:由我的遺囑執行人將資金轉換為安全證券,設立基金,其利息將作為獎勵,每年給予那些在上一年為全人類最大利益作出貢獻的人。利息平均分成五份,分配如下:一份給予在物理學領域做出最重要發現或發明者;一份給予做出最重要化學發現或改進者;一份給予在生理學或醫學領域做出最重要發現者;一份給予在文學領域創作出具有理想主義色彩的最傑出作品者;一份給予為增進各國間的友誼、取消或裁減常備軍、建立和促進和平會議做出最多或最佳努力者。物理獎和化學獎由瑞典科學院頒發;生理學或醫學獎由斯德哥爾摩卡羅琳斯卡研究所頒發;文學獎由斯德哥爾摩學院頒發;和平獎由挪威議會遴選出的五人委員會頒發。我明確希望授予獎勵時不考慮(獲獎人的)國籍,將獎勵頒給最有價值的人,無論他們是否是斯堪地那維亞人。
我指定居住在瓦姆蘭博福斯的拉格納爾·索爾曼先生,以及居住在斯德哥爾摩分水嶺大街31號和靠近烏德瓦拉的本茨福什的魯道夫·利傑奎斯特先生,作為我的遺囑執行人。作為對他們的關心和努力的補償,我將給予拉格納爾·索爾曼先生10萬克朗,他大概會在這件事上花費最長時間。魯道夫·利傑奎斯特先生將獲得5萬克朗。
我目前的資產一部分來自巴黎和聖雷莫的房產;一部分是在格拉斯哥和倫敦的蘇格蘭聯合銀行、裡昂信貸銀行、埃斯普爾特國家銀行以及巴黎的阿爾芬·梅斯公司中持有的證券;同樣在巴黎的跨大西洋銀行的股票經紀人M.V. Peter存管的證券;在柏林的Disconto-Gesellschaft(銀行)和Joseph Goldschmidt公司中的證券;在俄羅斯中央銀行,以及聖彼得堡的伊曼紐爾·諾貝爾先生存管的證券;在哥德堡和斯德哥爾摩的斯堪地那維亞信貸公司中,在斯德哥爾摩的恩斯基爾達銀行和巴黎馬拉科夫大街59號的保險箱中的證券;還有應收帳款、專利,應支付給我的專利費或版稅等,我的遺囑執行人可以在我的文件和書籍中找到相關信息。
到目前為止,這份遺囑是唯一有效的。在我死後,如果發現以往有關資產處置的遺囑,一概作廢。
最後,我明確地希望,在我死後我的動脈被切斷。當這項工作完成,稱職的醫生確認了明顯的死亡跡象後,我的遺體在火葬場火化。
1895年11月27日,巴黎
阿爾弗雷德·伯恩哈德·諾貝爾
__________________________________
我們作為籤字的見證人,證明阿爾弗雷德·伯恩哈德·諾貝爾先生籤署這份文件時具有健全的頭腦和自由的意志。他在我們面前宣布這是他的最後遺囑:
西格德·埃倫堡
前中尉
巴黎奧斯曼大道84號
R·W·斯特倫納特
土木工程師
卡羅琳大道4號
託斯·諾登菲爾特
建造師
巴黎奧貝爾街8號
倫納德·霍斯
土木工程師
卡羅琳大道4號
英文版由Jeffrey Ganellen翻譯,2018
(圖源:nobelprize/facebook)
I, the undersigned, Alfred Bernhard Nobel, after mature deliberation, hereby declare the following to be my last will and testament with regard to such property as I may leave upon my death:My nephews, Hjalmar and Ludvig Nobel, sons of my brother Robert Nobel, will each receive the sum of two hundred thousand crowns;My nephew Emmanuel Nobel will receive the sum of three hundred thousand, and my niece Mina Nobel one hundred thousand crowns;My brother Robert Nobel’s daughters, Ingeborg and Tyra, will each receive the sum of one hundred thousand crowns;Miss Olga Boettger, presently residing with Mrs Brand, 10 Rue St Florentin in Paris, will receive one hundred thousand francs;Mrs Sofie Kapy von Kapivar, whose address is known to the Anglo-Oesterreichische Bank in Vienna, is entitled to an annuity of 6000 florins Ö.W. which will be paid to her by the aforementioned bank, and to this end I have deposited in this bank the amount of 150 000 florins in Hungarian sovereign bonds.Mr Alarik Liedbeck, residing at 26 Sturegatan, Stockholm, will receive one hundred thousand crowns;Miss Elise Antun, residing at 32 Rue de Lubeck, Paris, is entitled to an annuity of two thousand five hundred francs. In addition, she is entitled to be repaid forty-eight thousand francs of capital that belongs to her and is currently deposited with me;Mr Alfred Hammond, of Waterford, Texas, United States, will receive ten thousand dollars;Miss Emmy Winkelmann and Miss Marie Winkelmann, of Potsdamerstrasse 51, Berlin, will each receive fifty thousand marks;Mrs Gaucher, of 2 bis Boulevard du Viaduc, Nimes, France will receive one hundred thousand francs;My servants, Auguste Oswald and his wife Alphonse Tournand, employed at my laboratory at San Remo, will each receive an annuity of one thousand francs;My former servant, Joseph Girardot, of 5 Place St. Laurent, Châlons sur Saône, France, is entitled to an annuity of five hundred francs, and my former gardener, Jean Lecof, residing with Mrs Desoutter, receveur Curaliste, Mesnil, Aubry pour Ecouen, S.& O., France, will receive an annuity of three hundred francs.Mr Georges Fehrenbach, of 2 Rue Compiègne, Paris, is entitled to collect an annual pension of five thousand francs from 1 January [1896] to 1 January 1899, when it will cease.My brother’s children – Hjalmar, Ludvig, Ingeborg and Tyra – each have a sum of twenty thousand crowns, deposited with me against acknowledgement of receipt, which will be repaid to them;All of my remaining realisable assets are to be disbursed as follows: the capital, converted to safe securities by my executors, is to constitute a fund, the interest on which is to be distributed annually as prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The interest is to be divided into five equal parts and distributed as follows: one part to the person who made the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics; one part to the person who made the most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who, in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction; and one part to the person who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses. The prizes for physics and chemistry are to be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical achievements by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm; and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian Storting. It is my express wish that when awarding the prizes, no consideration be given to nationality, but that the prize be awarded to the worthiest person, whether or not they are Scandinavian.As executors of my testamentary dispositions, I appoint Mr Ragnar Sohlman, resident in Bofors, Värmland, and Mr Rudolf Liljequist, of 31 Malmskillnadsgatan, Stockholm, and Bengtsfors, close to Uddevalla. As compensation for their attention and efforts, I grant to Mr Ragnar Sohlman, who will probably devote most time to this matter, one hundred thousand crowns, and to Mr Rudolf Liljequist, fifty thousand crowns;My assets currently consist partly of real estate in Paris and San Remo, and partly of securities deposited with the Union Bank of Scotland Ltd in Glasgow and London, with Crédit Lyonnais, Comptoir National d』Escompte, and with Alphen, Messin & Co. in Paris; with stockbroker M.V. Peter of Banque Transatlantique, also in Paris; with the Direction der Disconto Gesellschaft and with Joseph Goldschmidt & Cie in Berlin; with the Russian Central Bank, and with Mr Emmanuel Nobel in Petersburg; with Skandinaviska Kreditaktiebolaget in Gothenburg and Stockholm, with Enskilda Banken in Stockholm and in my strong box at 59 Avenue Malakoff, Paris; as well as of accounts receivable, patents, patent fees or royalties due to me, etc. about which my executors will find information in my papers and books.As of now, this will and testament is the only one that is valid, and revokes all my previous testamentary dispositions, should any such be found after my death.Finally, it is my express wish that following my death, my arteries be severed, and when this has been done and competent doctors have confirmed clear signs of death, my remains be incinerated in a crematorium.We, the undersigned witnesses, attest that Mr Alfred Bernhard Nobel, being of sound mind and of his own free will, signed this document, which he declared in the presence of us all to be his last will and testament:Sigurd Ehrenborg關於發布諾貝爾遺囑的新版英文譯本,諾貝爾基金會(Nobel Foundation)執行董事拉爾斯·海肯斯滕(Lars Heikensten)認為,諾貝爾的意願和價值觀比以往任何時候都更加重要。[2]
Q:阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾的遺囑背後有什麼故事?
A:1896年阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾去世時,他的臨終遺囑如同星星之火,引發了諾貝爾獎的誕生。阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾是瑞典的實業家和發明家,他相信進步、科學和人文主義。他希望獎勵這種進步,並在這份引人矚目的文件中概述了他的意願:諾貝爾獎的授予不考慮獲獎者的國籍,獲獎者將發揮榜樣作用,激勵更多人行善。
第一屆諾貝爾獎於1901年頒發,獎項包括諾貝爾物理學、化學、生理學或醫學、文學以及和平獎。
Q:這份遺囑對諾貝爾基金會意味著什麼?
A:這對我們意義重大——它為我們如何運營制定了指導方針。諾貝爾基金會完全有義務履行諾貝爾遺囑中的意願。
Q:為什麼對遺囑進行重新翻譯?
A:我們希望這是一份具有生命力的文件,阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾的話能被許多人閱讀。為了確保這一點,你同樣需要更新語言,以適應當代讀者。
Q:這版翻譯有什麼變化?
A:可能引起人們興趣的一點在於這一關鍵表述:該獎項應授予那些為「全人類最大利益」(the greatest benefit to humankind)作出貢獻的人。早前版本中使用的是「mankind」(人類),但現在這個詞理應進行更新。
Q:諾貝爾的遺囑在今天有多重要?
A:諾貝爾在遺囑中勾勒出的思維方式比以往任何時候都更有意義。在我們如今生活的時代,基於事實的推理和言論自由在世界許多地方都受到挑戰。我們需要捍衛這些價值觀。作為諾貝爾基金會,我們有責任這麼做。
所以諾貝爾到底有多少遺產?據說,這是連諾貝爾自己也不十分清楚的問題……經過索爾曼等人數年在多國之間來回奔波,終於在1900年對諾貝爾遺產的清理有了一個初步的輪廓。諾貝爾遺產變換為現金的總額是33233792瑞典克朗,約為920萬美元。就是在現在,這都是一筆巨額遺產。[3]
[1]https://www.nobelprize.org/new-translation-of-alfred-nobels-will/[2]https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred-nobel/full-text-of-alfred-nobels-will-2/[3]諾貝爾遺產到底有多少錢 http://www.people.com.cn/GB/guoji/8212/39168/39176/2903492.html關於阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾遺囑全文,此中文翻譯版本僅供參考,一切內容以原文為準。