Word of the Day ： January 9, 2021
baksheesh
小費；津貼；給小費
noun BAK-sheesh
Definition
: payment (such as a tip or bribe) to expedite service
付款（例如小費或賄賂）以增進服務質量
Examples
"Penn noted that from 2014 until May, the state's largest utilities pumped some $57 million in campaign contributions to members of the Florida Legislature.… And just to make sure that investment in turning the state House and Senate into a buffet line of legalized baksheesh was protected, the utilities also spent $6 million on lobbying…." — Daniel Ruth, The Tampa Bay (Florida) Times, 12 July 2019
「彭恩（Penn）指出，從2014年到5月，該州最大的公用事業公司向佛羅裡達州立法機關的議員投入了約5,700萬美元的競選捐款。 在受到保護的情況下，公用事業公司還花費了600萬美元用於遊說……。
"Guides are often well-trained Egyptologists whose function is not only to educate but also to divert the many locals who will have their hands out for baksheesh, whether they've earned it or not." — Tim Murphy et al., Condé Nast Traveler, 26 Mar. 2015
「Guides 通常是訓練有佳的埃及學家，其職能不僅是教育而更多的是去伸手援助他們費用，無論他們是否賺到錢。」
Did You Know?
British subjects traveling abroad in the 17th century likely picked up baksheesh in Asia, where they would have heard the term used to mean "gratuity, a present of money, tip"—a meaning they directly adopted. Etymologically speaking, baksheesh is from Persian bakhshīsh, which is also the source of the word buckshee, meaning "something extra obtained free," "extra rations," or "windfall, gratuity." Buckshee never made it across the pond to the U.S., and is strictly used in British English.
17世紀出國旅行的英國臣民很可能在亞洲知道了baksheesh，在那兒他們會聽到這個詞曾經的意思是「grtuity「酬謝」，a present of money「錢財」，tip「小費」」，這是他們直接採用的意思。 從詞源上講，baksheesh 來自波斯語的 bakhshīsh，也是buckshee 一詞的源頭，意思是「something extra obtained「剩餘的部分是免費獲得的」」，「extra rations「額外費用」」或「windfall「暴利」，gratuity「酬金」」。 但Buckshee從未跨境到達美國，嚴格講使用它用在英式英語中。