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Well, hey there! I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
This is part three in our pronunciation series about connected speech.
大家好啊，我是Emma，歡迎來到Emma的美味英語！
這是我們連讀發音系列課程的第三部分啦。
We've been talking about the way that sounds link together in spoken English, connecting words.
And sometimes even changing sounds as words are spoken quite quickly in English.
我們已經討論了英語口語中單詞連讀的方式了。
有時因為英語口語中單詞說的很快，所以甚至會改變發音。
Today we'll focus on an advanced element of connected speech, linking vowel sound to vowel sound—so stay tuned. . . . . . .
今天我們會專攻連讀的高級元素，那就是元音和元音的連讀——敬請期待。
Okay, as I said, this is quite an advanced pronunciation lesson, but I absolutely recommend that you keep watching, even if you don't consider yourself an advanced student because understanding how sounds influence each other and change in spoken English will allow you to be aware of it.
It will allow you to hear connected speech when you're listening to native speakers and help you to understand them more easily.
正如我之前所說，這是一節高級發音課程，但是我還是推薦大家都看一下，即使你可能不覺得自己是高級學習者，因為理解英語口語發音之間如何互相影響以及改變會幫助你提高對這種現象的意識。
當你聽母語者說話的時候，這會讓你更容易聽到連讀，也能夠幫助你更容易地進行理解。
The way that native English speakers speak is just not perfect.
You won't hear a sentence where each word is perfectly separated. Well, unless you're talking to Siri.
英語母語者說話的方式並非是完美的。
每一個單詞都完美分割的句子根本是聽不到的。呃，除非你在和Siri聊天。
Hey Siri, how old are you?
I am as old as the Eastern wind and as young as a newborn caterpillar.
嘿Siri，你多大了啊？
我像東風一樣老，也像新生的毛毛蟲一樣年輕。
And if you want to sound more fluent and more natural when you speak English, then connected speech is a really good place to start.
In the first lesson of this pronunciation series, I talked about consonant to vowel linking.
如果你想要說英語的時候聽起來更加流暢、更加自然的話，那麼連讀就是很好的開始。
在發音系列課程的第一節課中，我討論了輔音和元音的連讀。
It's up here if you haven't seen it.
But I talked about how words that end in a consonant sound can link to words that follow them when they start with a vowel sound.
如果你還沒看的話，就在這裡。
我討論了單詞末尾的輔音能夠和以元音開頭的單詞進行連讀。
Like this: It's an interesting opportunity. It's an interesting opportunity.
比如說：這是個非常有趣的機會。這是個非常有趣的機會。
In the second video, we went over consonant to consonant linking.
When words that end in a consonant link to the following word if it starts with the same consonant sound.
在第二個視頻中，我們學習了輔音和輔音的連讀。
那就是以輔音結尾的單詞和接下來的以同樣的輔音開頭的單詞連讀。
It makes sense. It does make it easier and quicker to say sentences when we reduce the number of sounds that we need to say.
But we can also link consonant sounds to completely different consonant sounds.
道理非常簡單。當我們把需要發的音數量減少的時候，句子說起來就會更加簡單，說的速度也會更快。
但是我們還可以將輔音和完全不同的輔音連讀。
And when that happens, the sounds can change. Don't you want to?
這種情況之下，音就會改變。你不想嗎？
Doncoo wanna? Today we're going to go one step further and I'll show you how to link vowel sounds to vowel sounds in spoken English.
你不想嗎？今天我們會更進一步，我會給大家展示在英語口語中如何進行元音間的連讀。
And this can be a little tricky so before we get started, I need you to relax.
Don't worry about how these words are normally spoken. Just take it easy.
這可能有點點複雜，所以在我們開始之前，希望大家放鬆一下。
不要擔心這些單詞通常是怎麼念的。放平心態就可以了。
Listen to the sounds and just try to copy the sounds that I make, all right?
Sounds are really influenced by the other sounds that are around them in a sentence and natural spoken English is really a skill that you need to develop through practice and by listening to native English speakers, by imitating them or copying them and trying it for yourself, right?
聽一下這些音，然後試著去模仿一下我發的音，好嗎？
發音很容易被句子中的其他音所影響，自然英語口語是一種需要通過練習來不斷鍛鍊的技能，通過聽英語母語者說話，通過模仿他們，然後自己進行嘗試，好嗎？
And that is exactly what we're going to do today.
You're going to learn it, you'll understand it and then we'll practise together at the end of this lesson.
我們今天就要這麼做呢。
你要進行學習，要進行理解，然後我們會在本節課程的結束進行練習。
And if you haven't subscribed to my channel yet, then do it now.
Show your support for mmmEnglish and click the little bell so that I can tell you when the next lesson is ready for you.
And if you need to, turn on the subtitles that I've written for you.
如果你還沒有訂閱我的頻道的話，那就現在動手吧。
展示出你對mmmEnglish的支持，點擊下面的小鈴鐺，那樣的話下節課程到位的時候我就可以讓大家知道啦。
如果大家需要的話，那就打開我為大家準備的字幕吧。
You can also slow down the speed of the video so that you can listen to it at half pace if you need to.
All of these tools are here for you inside Youtube.
大家也可以放慢視頻的速度，如果你需要的話可以0.5倍速聽。
這些工具油管上都是有的。
When we link consonants we often connect or blend or even sometimes change sounds into new sounds.
But linking vowel to vowel sounds is a little different.
當我們將輔音進行連讀的時候，我們通常連起來，或者是合在一起，甚至有的時候會變成新的音。但是元音和元音的連讀有一點點不同。
We actually add a new sound, a consonant sound, to link two vowel sounds together, which might sound a little crazy—
I get that. Emma, isn't the whole point of connected speech to make it easier and faster to say a sentence?
其實我們加入了一個新的音，一個輔音，來將兩個元音連起來，這可能聽起來有點點瘋狂——
我懂得。艾瑪，連讀的精髓難道不是在於讓句子說的更簡單更快嗎？
Yes! Absolutely, and it will make sense soon once I explain all this to you.
We link vowel sounds when one word ends in a vowel sound and the next word begins with a vowel sound.
是的！當然了，我給大家解釋一下這一些就都講得通啦。
當一個單詞以元音結尾，另一個單詞以元音開始的時候，我們就會進行元音連讀。
It can feel kind of awkward or strange to link two vowel sounds, it's not very natural. /u: /. . . // /: /. . . /u/ /i: /. . . //
把兩個元音連起來讀可能感覺有點尷尬或者是奇怪，這並不是很自然。
It feels kind of strange, right?
A little uncomfortable. When we link vowel sounds to other vowel sounds, we actually add a new sound to make it easier and quicker to keep that sound happening.
這感覺有點奇怪，對吧？
有一點不太自在。當我們把元音和其他的元音進行連讀的時候，我們通常會加上一個新的音來讓這個過程更加簡單，說的更加快。
All right? But these sounds are not written.
You can't see them and you can't hear them when you say each word individually, it's only when they're pushed together.
懂了嗎？但是這些音不能書面呈現。
當你一個單詞一個單詞說的時候，你不能看到它們，也不能聽到它們，它們只是在你連讀的時候出現。
Now remember, just because a word ends in a vowel, doesn't mean that it ends in a vowel sound.
You've got to be really careful with linking.
記住，一個單詞以元音結尾並不代表著它是以元音結尾的。
在連讀的時候一定要非常小心。
We're talking about sounds not letters.
So you need to be concentrating. For example,
我們討論的是音，而不是字母。你需要非常全神貫注。
The word "make" ends in the letter E. a vowel But the final sound is a consonant.
「 make 」這個單詞以字母 E 結尾。但是尾音是輔音。
We don't say /meke/, we say 'make'. It ends in a consonant sound. The /k/ sound.
我們不會說，我們說的是「make」，結尾的是一個輔音。是/k/音。
The word 'by' ends in a consonant letter, but the sound is a vowel, so we can link 'by' to a word following if it starts with a vowel.
So don't focus on the letters that you see, think about the sounds that you hear.
「by」這個單詞是以輔音結尾的，但是這個音是元音，所以我們可以把「by」和後面以元音結尾的單詞進行連讀。
所以不要關注你看到的字幕，要考慮你聽到的音。
Close your eyes if you need to. All right, enough talking. Let's look at some examples and get going here.
如果需要的話，可以閉上眼睛。好的，說的夠多了。讓我們現在開始看點例句吧。
I asked for two orders of chips. I asked for two orders of chips.
我要了兩份薯條。我要了兩份薯條。
I asked for two orders of chips. Where are the linking opportunities that you see here?
我要了兩份薯條。這裡有什麼地方可以進行連讀呢？
Any opportunities to link vowel sounds. Which words end with a vowel sound and then are followed by words that start with a vowel sound?
有什麼地方可以將元音進行連讀。哪個單詞是以元音結尾，後面跟著一個以元音開始的單詞呢？
I'll give you a few seconds to choose. All right, there are five vowel sounds at the beginning or end of words in this sentence.
給大家幾秒鐘進行選擇。好的，這句話的單詞有五處是以元音開始或者是以元音結尾的。
I asked for two orders of chips. Now since we're focusing on vowel to vowel linking sound, let's forget about 'of' right now.
我要了兩份薯條。因為我們只關注元音的連讀，現在就先不考慮「of」。
That's consonant to vowel linking right there. I asked, I asked.
這是輔音和元音的連讀。我問，我問。
There is an extra sound in there if you can hear it, I asked, I asked.
We have to pay close attention to the vowel sounds here and the position of our mouths as we make this sound.
如果你能聽到的話，這裡是有一個額外的音的。
我問，我問。我們要特別注意這裡的元音，以及我們發音的時候嘴巴的位置。
We have I, asked, I asked. So we need to move our mouth quite a bit between these two vowel sounds.
我們這裡有我，問，我問。所以我們的嘴巴在發這兩個音的時候要改變口型。
And when we do that quickly, if we do that really quickly right now, that /j/ sound naturally occurs.
As we move quickly between those sounds, we naturally create that /j/ sound.
如果我們說的很快的話，/j/音自然而然地就出現了。
當我們在這些音之間快速移動的時候，我們會自然而然地發出/j/這個音。
It's one continuous sound, there's no break between the vowel sounds.
Let's look at another example.
這是一個連續的音，兩個元音之間沒有停頓。
讓我們看看另一個例子吧。
Two or three, two or three, two or, two or, two or. Can you hear that /w/ sound in there? Two or, two or, two or.
二或三，二或三，二或，二或，二或。你能聽到這裡的/w/音嗎？二或，二或，二或。
The most important thing to keep in mind while you're linking sounds together is we're trying to create just one long continuous sound.
There's no pause, right? The sound flows from one sound to the next.
當進行連讀的時候，心裡需要牢記的最重要的事情就是我們要試圖發一個連續的音。
沒有停頓，是吧？音自然而然地從一個過渡到另一個。
And when we link vowel sounds, one of these two sounds will naturally occur if the sound is unbroken.
Whether to add the /j/ or the /w/ sound will depend on which vowels are being linked.
當我們進行元音連讀的時候，如果之間沒有停頓的話，這兩個音中的其中一個就會自然而然地出現。
到底是加/j/ 還是/w/ 音取決於是對什么元音進行連讀。
So the /j/ sound is added between words that end in the long /i/ and words that start with the short //, right?
Now you could write down and memorise all of these linking sounds which is great, I really think that you should just try and hear those sounds between the words.
以長音 /i/結尾和以//開始的單詞之間要加上/j/，對吧？大家可以寫下來記住這些連讀的音，這真的很棒哦，我覺得大家應該嘗試著聽一下這些單詞之間的音。
The added sound should flow and it should make it possible to say the two sounds without pausing.
It's pretty easy to hear the incorrect option or even to feel it yourself if you say it out loud, it doesn't make sense to add /w/ between 'I asked' because your mouth has to come into this very tight, small position, right? I asked, I asked.
加上的音應該自然流暢地發出來，兩個音節之間也因此沒有停頓。
如果選擇不對的話其實很容易聽出來，如果你自己說出來的話，其實自己也很容易聽出來，在「I asked」之間加上/w/是不行的，因為你的嘴巴會停在非常緊張、很狹窄的位置，對吧？我問，我問。
It doesn't really make sense, whereas the /j/ sound helps us to flow between 'I asked', I asked, I asked, I asked. Let's try a few more examples together.
這不合道理，但是 /j/音就可以幫助我們在說「I asked」的時候進行流暢過渡。我問，我問，我問。讓我們一起再來試幾個例子吧。
I'm going to say two words separately and I want you to link them.
Say them out loud wherever you are, decide whether you need to use the /j/ or the /w/ sound to link these words, right? You need to say it out loud.
我會將兩個單詞分開說，大家進行連讀。
不管你在哪裡，大聲地說出來，自己決定是應該用/j/還是/w/音來將這些單詞連起來，對吧？你需要大聲說出來。
Ready? Three oranges
準備好了嗎？三個橙子
Three oranges Three oranges
三個橙子 三個橙子
Did you add the /j/ sound? That's correct.
What about high apartment, high apartment, high apartment?
你加上了 /j/ 這個音了嗎？對了，那高高的公寓呢？
Again, the /j/ sound and notice that high ends with a -gh but it actually ends with a vowel sound. A little tricky, huh? -gh, high.
同樣地，/j/ 音，注意「high」音是以-gh結尾的，但是這其實是個元音。
有點點小複雜，是吧？-gh, high.
Do it. Do it.
去做。去做。
Do it. This one is the /w/ sound. Did you get that?
去做。這個是 /w/音，大家懂了嗎？
She always She always
她總是 她總是
She always She always
她總是 她總是
The /j/ sound. One more.
/j/ 音。再來一個。
Go over Go over
認真討論 認真討論
Go over This all makes sense, right?
Just practise combining these vowels out loud, all right?
認真討論 這些都講得通是吧？
練習大聲地將這些元音進行結合，好嗎？
You can say them, you can whisper them, you can yell them, whatever makes you say it out loud, pull these vowel sounds together and practise using those linking sounds.
And while you're at it, can you think of any other examples where you can add linking sounds between two vowels?
大家可以說出來，大家可以小聲說，大家可以大喊出來，不管怎麼著都要開口說，把這些元音連到一起，練習使用這些連讀音。
大家在練習的時候，能夠想到什麼其他的例子嗎，能夠在兩個元音之間加上連讀音？
If you can think of some examples, add them to the comments and don't forget to include the linking sound that you're using to connect those vowels.
See if you can write a few in the examples and I'll come down and check them in a little while.
如果大家可以想到什麼例子的話，那就寫在評論區吧，不要忘記你將這些元音連讀時加入的音。
看一下大家是不是能夠寫幾個例子，我一會兒會過去檢查的哦。
Now there's an interesting little rule here for British English pronunciation and Australian English pronunciation which is how I speak.
There's actually a third sound that you can link between vowels, the /r/ consonant sound.
英式英語和澳大利亞英語，也就是我說的英語中有一個非常有趣的小規則。
在進行元音與元音連讀的時候，其實還可以加入第三個音，那就是/r/。
The linking /r/ doesn't occur in American English pronunciation because the /r/ consonant sound is always pronounced at the end of a word whereas in British English or Australian English, it's not.
Let's look at the number four as an example.
美式英語裡面並沒有這個連接音/r/，因為單詞結尾的/r/輔音總是會發出來的，但是英式英語和澳大利亞英語中並不會。
讓我們看一下數字四這個例子吧。
It's pronounced /fr/ in American English and in British English or Australian English /f/.
You don't hear that consonant sound at all.
在美式英語中的發音是/fr/，在英式英語和澳大利亞英語中的發音是/f/。
大家根本聽不到輔音。
Now I talk about these pronunciation differences between British and American English in this lesson here if you want to go a bit further.
But the reason why it's important now is the /r/ linking sound occurs between vowels in British English pronunciation.
如果大家想要更進一步了解的話，我在這節課程講到了英式英語和美式英語之間的區別。
但是為什麼這很重要的原因是元音之間的/r/ 連讀音只出現在英式英語發音中。
All right, so look at this example. Your eyes.
好的，讓我們看一下這個例子。你的眼睛。
Now in British and Australian English pronunciation, you don't hear that /r/ sound at the end when it's pronounced.
The final sound of that word is a vowel sound, it's // as in 'door'. So technically here I'm linking two vowel sounds together, your eyes.
在英式英語和澳大利亞英語發音中，大家聽不到單詞結尾的/r/音。
那個單詞最後的音是個元音，和在「door」這個單詞裡一樣是//音。
嚴格地說，我在將兩個輔音連起來，你的眼睛。
And we do that with the linking /r/. In American English, this is just the standard consonant to vowel linking but in British English, we actually have to add that sound.
我們用連音/r/來連起來。
在美式英語中，這是標準的輔音元音連讀，但是在英式英語中，我們需要加上那個音。
It's not there when we pronounce this word in isolation, all right? Your eyes, your eyes, your eyes, your eyes. Let's practise some more.
當我們單獨發這個單詞的音的時候它並不存在，大家懂嗎？
你的眼睛，你的眼睛，你的眼睛，你的眼睛。讓我們再練習一下吧。
Our olives, our olives, our olives, our lives, our olives. Hear over, hear over, hear over, hear over.
我們的橄欖樹。聽清楚。
Now this linking /r/ sound probably makes quite a bit of sense to you since the letter itself is actually there.
But I just wanted to highlight how this happens in British English and Australian English.
這個連音/r/ 可能對於大家而言更好理解，因為這個單詞是確實存在的。
但是我想強調的是這在英式英語和澳大利亞英語中是怎麼操作的。
I'm wondering if you can think of any more examples like this.
Can you think of any where you add or I would add an /r/ linking sound between two vowels?
我在想大家能不能想到更多相似的例子呢。
大家能想到在兩個元音之間加上/r/連讀音的情況嗎？
Discover our, fever on. If you can think of any more examples, add them to the comments.
發現我們的，狂熱。如果大家能夠想到更多的例子的話，那就寫在評論區吧。
So let's practise with a few example sentences now.
I'll put a sentence right up here and I'm going to read it aloud for you.
那我們現在再來練習幾個例句吧。我會把句子放在這裡，並且為大家朗讀出來。
Listen for the extra linking sounds and try to hear them yourself. But I also want you to say the sentence out loud, see if you can feel which sound is the correct sound.
要仔細聽額外加上的連讀音，要自己試著去聽。
但我也讓大家大聲念出句子，看看能不能弄清楚哪個音才是正確的。
Saying it yourself is going to help you to feel that transition between the vowel sounds, right? Practise as much as you can out loud and as exaggerated as you can.
自己說出來能夠幫助大家體會元音之間的過渡，對吧？
儘可能地大聲練習，多麼誇張都無所謂。
She asked her English teacher for help.
She asked her English teacher for help.
她向英語老師尋求幫助。她向英語老師尋求幫助。
She asked her English teacher for help.
She asked, her English, her English, she asked her teacher for help.
她向英語老師尋求幫助。她向英語老師尋求幫助。
She takes care of her uncle because he's very old.
She takes care of her uncle because he's very old.
她照顧自己的叔叔，因為他很老了。
她照顧自己的叔叔，因為他很老了。
She takes care of, care of, her uncle because he's very old, very old. She takes care of her uncle because he's very old.
她照顧自己的叔叔，因為他很老了。她照顧自己的叔叔，因為他很老了。
The got here the day after you arrived.
The got here the day after you arrived.
他們在你到達的第二天就來這裡了。
他們在你到達的第二天就來這裡了。
The day after, day after, you arrived, you arrived, you arrived, the day after you arrived.
All right there you have it! Over the past three lessons, we've covered three important areas of connected speech in English: consonant to vowel; consonant to consonant; and now vowel to vowel.
第二天，第二天，你到達，你到達，你到達的第二天。好的，大家現在知道了。
在過去的三節課程中，我們已經學習了英語連讀的三個重要部分：輔音元音連讀，輔音輔音連讀以及元音和元音之間的連讀。
Now you really have a good understanding of connected speech in English, how it works, where it happens and how you can use linking to speak more fluently and just sound more natural as you speak, even speed up your speech in some ways.
So let me know in the comments if you've enjoyed these lessons about connected speech and if there are any other pronunciation lessons that you want me to teach you.
現在大家已經對英語連讀有很不錯的理解了，這是什麼原理，在哪裡進行連讀，以及如何使用連讀來讓自己的口語更加流利，聽起來更加自然，甚至在能夠讓你說得更快。
如果大家喜歡連讀的這幾節課程的話，請在評論區告訴我哦，如果大家還有其他的發音課程想要聽的話，記得也要告訴我哦。
Just remember that all of this takes practice.
You can't expect to just suddenly wake up and perfectly link sounds in English.
記住練習才是最重要的哦。
突然醒來就可以完美地進行英語連讀的這種事情還是別想啦。
It takes regular practice.
Both your ears and your mouth.
這是需要持之以恆的練習的。不管是你的耳朵，還是嘴巴。
My imitation lessons are a great place to practise so you can test out your linking skills right here in this lesson or you can check out that one there, which I've picked out especially for you.
I'll see you in there!
我的模仿課程是很好的進行練習的地方哦，大家可以在這節課程中檢查一下自己的連讀技能，或者是可以看一下那一節課程，也是我特地給大家找出來的。我在其他課程等待著大家！