一.概念∶
代詞是代替名詞的詞，按其意義、特徵及其在句中的作用分為∶人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關係代詞等。
二.相關知識點精講
1.人稱代詞
1）人稱代詞的人稱、數和格，如下表所示。
數
單數
主格
賓格 I
人稱
第一人稱第二人稱
me
You
you He
him she
第三人稱
her it
i
2）人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。如∶
i_like table tennis.（作主語）
do you know_him?（作賓語）
3）人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如∶
---whos is knocking at the door?
---it' s me.
4）人稱代詞在than之後與其他人或事物進行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。如∶
he is older than me.
he is older than_i_am.
2. 物主代詞
1）表示所有關係的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性
物主代詞，如下表所示。
別數
形容詞性物主代詞
名詞性物主代詞 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
人稱-
第一人稱第二人稱數
my your his her its our your their
第三人稱
第一人稱復
第二人稱數
第三人稱
2）形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當於形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如∶
our teacher is coming to see us.
this is her_penci l-box.
3）名詞性物主代詞的作用相當於名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。
our school is here，and theirs_is there.（作主語）
--- is this english-book yours?（作表語）
--- no. mine is in my bag.
i've already finished my homework.have you finished yours?（作賓語）
3.指示代詞
指示代詞包括∶this，that，these，those。
1）this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和 those
則指時間和空間上較遠的事物或人，例如∶
this is a pen and_that is a pencil.
we are busy these days.
in_those days the workers had a hard time.
2）有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講
到的事物，例如∶
i had a cold. that's why i didn't come.
what i want to say is this; pronunciation is very important
in learning engl ish.
3）有時為了避免重複提到的名詞，常可用that或those代替，例如∶
television sets made in beijing are just as good as those made in shanghai.
4）this 在電話用語中代表自己，that 則代表對方。例如∶
hello! this is mary.is that jack speaking?
4.反身代詞
英語中用來表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"，"你們自己"
等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。
稱數
第一人稱
第二人稱
單數複數
yourself myself ourselves
Yourselves
反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。
1）作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發出者，主語和賓語指同一個人
或一些人。
he called himself a writer.
would you please express yourself in english?
2）作表語。
it doesn't matter. i'll be myself soon.
the girl in the news is myself.
3）作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。
i myself washed the clothes. (=i washed the clothes myself.）（作主語同位語）
you should ask the teacher himself.（作賓語同位語）
5.不定代詞
不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語、表
語、賓語和定語。現將幾個常用的不定代詞舉例說明如下∶
1）some與any的區別
①some多用於肯定句，表示"一些，幾個"作形容詞時，後面可以接①不可數名詞+單數動詞;②可數名詞+複數動詞。
look! some of the students are cleaning the library.
. some rice in the bag has been sold out.
②any多用於疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示"一些，任何"用作形容詞時，後面可以接①不可數名詞+單數動詞;②可數名詞+複數動詞。
if you have any questions, please ask me.
there isn't any orange in the bottle.
have you got any tea?
③any和some也可以作代詞用，表示"一些"。any多用於疑問句或否定句中，some多用於肯定句中。
how many people can you see in the picture?
i can't see any.
if you have no money,i'll lend you some.
注意∶與some，any結合的詞如something，somebody，someone， anything，anyone，anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法，大致和some，any的用法相同。
2） few，a few，little，a little在用法上的區別
①用作形容詞∶
表示肯定
含義
用法
用於可數名詞
afew雖少，但有幾個
alittle，雖少，但有一點
用於不可數名詞
i'm going to buy a few apples.
復
數
主格 we you
賓格 us you
them
they
第三人稱 himself,herself, itself themselves
表示否定
few不多，幾乎沒有
little不多，沒有什麼
he can speak only a little chinese.
there is only a little milk in the glass.
he has few friends.
they had little money with them.
②alittle和little也可以用作副詞，alittle表示"有點，稍微"，little表示"很少"。
i'm a little hungry.（修飾形容詞hungry）
let him sleep a little.（修飾動詞sleep）
mary，go alittle faster，please.（修飾副詞比較級）
she slept very little last night.