Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Neil…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語，我是尼爾。
… And I’m Alice. My chair feels [audibly shifts about in her chair] uncomfortable today. How does yours feel?
我是愛麗絲。今天我的椅子坐起來很不舒服。你的怎麼樣？
Um… mine is fine - very comfortable, thank you.
我的椅子很好，很舒服，謝謝。
Well, it would be nice if you offered to give me your chair, Neil.
如果你能把你的椅子給我坐就更好了，尼爾。
What? No chance. Well, I would be uncomfortable then, wouldn’t I?
什麼？不可能。那我坐起來也不舒服。
You should give me your seat, Neil.
你應該把你的椅子換給我，尼爾。
Should I? Well, now might be a good time to mention that chivalry is the subject of today’s show.
應該？好吧，我覺得是時候提醒一下，今天我們節目的主題是騎士精神。
Chivalry these days means polite behaviour usually by men towards women.
如今的騎士精神是指男性對待女性時禮貌的行為舉止。
Though in the past it referred to a code of behaviour followed by knights in the Middle Ages.It was all about honour and courage in battle – and only later on about being polite to the ladies. Well, we aren’t living in the Middle Ages any more, are we?
但在過去，這是指中世紀騎士需要遵守的行為準則。剛開始是指戰鬥中表現出的尊嚴和勇氣，之後指對女士有禮貌。但我們現在並不生活在中世紀，不是嗎？
No comment. Let’s go for our traditional question.I have a literary one for you today: Who wrote the novel Don Quixote, about a 50-year old man travelling Spain in search of knightly adventures in rusty armour and a cardboard helmet?Was it…a) Miguel de Cervantesb) Leo TolstoyOr c) William Shakespeare?
不做評論。按照慣例，回答今天的問題吧。我有一個文學問題要問你：哪位作家寫了小說《堂吉訶德》，講述了一位穿著鏽跡斑斑的盔甲，戴著紙做的頭盔的50歲老人，幻想自己是騎士，去西班牙冒險的故事？a) 塞萬提斯b) 列夫託爾斯泰還是c)莎士比亞?
I think - I’m going to get it right today, Alice– I’m going to say a) Miguel de Cervantes.
我覺得我今天一定能答對，愛麗絲。我選a) 塞萬提斯。
Well, we』ll find out later on in the show if you were right or not. But first, do you think chivalry is dead, Neil?
好的，節目的最後我們再看你回答得是否正確。尼爾，你覺得騎士精神已經死去了嗎？
No, not at all – these traditions are alive and kicking – in Poland at any rate.If something is alive and kicking it means it’s active.The BBC reporter Adam Easton saw it with his own eyes and is going to describe it for us.
沒有，並沒有，至少在波蘭這些傳統依然存在。alive and kicking意思是依然存在，生龍活虎。BBC記者Adam Easton親眼看到這一點，讓他為我們描述一下。
Medieval knights』 tournaments or battle re-enactments are popular across Europe. But there’s something about dressing up as a knight that particularly appeals to people here in Poland.In the summer there’s events every weekendand here in Malbork Northern Poland home to Europe’s largest medieval castle there’s one of the biggest of the season.There’s archery, crossbow, jousting, other horse skills,and more than a hundred thousand people come to watch these tournaments.
喬裝上演的中世紀騎士比武大會如今在歐洲十分盛行。但是騎士裝扮對波蘭人尤其具有吸引力。夏天波蘭每周都會舉辦這樣的盛會，而在波蘭北部馬爾堡——歐洲最大的中世紀城堡所在地，會舉辦最大規模的騎士比武。箭術、弩、馬上長矛比武還有其他馬術技能都會在這裡展示，十萬多人都前來觀看這一盛事。
The BBC reporter Adam Easton.By the way, what’s a re-enactment, Neil?
上述是BBC記者Adam Easton的報導。順便問一下，尼爾，什麼是重新上演？
It’s where you perform the actions of a past event.And in Malbork in Poland they stage battle re-enactments every weekend apparently – at least in the summer months!
就是重新演繹過去發生的事件。在波蘭馬爾堡，他們每周都會舉辦騎士比武，至少夏天那幾個月每周都有！
Mmm… it doesn’t sound like my cup of tea– and that means it doesn’t sound like something I would enjoy doing – how about you, Neil?
聽上去不是我的菜，也就是說不是我會喜歡的東西。你呢？
Well, I’m not sure about the archery, crossbow and jousting.It all sounds like too much hard work. But I』d definitely enjoy the dressing up.
我對箭術、弩、馬上長矛比武不太感興趣。聽上去都很費力氣。但是我很喜歡裝扮。
Excellent! Well, jousting is where two people fight on horseback using a lance– or long pole – to try to knock the other person off their horse, especially as part of a tournament – or sporting event. So with the dressing up, Neil – I’m curious.I can’t imagine you as a knight in shining armour, to be honest…
不錯！馬上長槍比武是指兩個人在馬背上使用長矛，將對方擊下馬，這是比武盛會的一部分。說到裝扮，尼爾，我很好奇。老實說我不能想像你穿著明盔亮甲扮成騎士的樣子。
Come on, Alice. I』d look very appealing to any damsel in distress.A damsel in distress is a young unmarried woman in need of help.
得了吧，尼爾。我穿上一定很吸引落難少女的注意力。落難少女是指需要幫助的未婚少女。
OK. You might make a very fetching – or attractive – knight, Neil.But you should get used to actually helping the ladies … maybe offering me your seat.I’m still sitting uncomfortably here…
好吧。也許你是個非常迷人的騎士。但是你應該習慣幫助女性，也許應該把椅子讓給我。我現在坐著很不舒服。
Come on, Alice, a knight needs to sit comfortably too.We』ve always been the ones with battles to fight!
得了吧，騎士也要坐著舒服。我們可是要在戰場上戰鬥的！
But at some point in the history of chivalry – prowess – or skill – on the battlefieldbecame combined with a set of conventions – or rules – governing other aspects of behaviour.This included a knight’s moral and religious duties and how to conduct their love affairs.Professor Laura Ashe at Oxford University explains.
但是在歷史的某個階段，戰場上的騎士精神或者說其英勇能力，與一套套約定俗成捆綁在一起，約束著他們其他方面的行為。包括一名騎士的道德和宗教職責，以及如何處理情感關係。牛津大學Laura Ashe教授會進一步解釋。
The really strange thing is the idea that love should somehow make you a better knight. I mean, this is what is suddenly claimed in the late 12th centuryand it makes very little sense, you know, if you imagine a footballer telling his teammates that being in love makes him a better footballer.
很奇怪的是有種觀點認為愛讓你成為更好的騎士。我的意思是在12世紀末突然之間出現這種觀點，我覺得這完全說不通，這就像一名足球運動員告訴他的隊友，戀愛可以讓他成為更好的運動員。
That was Professor Laura Ashe. And I agree with her.What has being a great footballer or a great warrior got to do with love?
上述是Laura Ashe教授的觀點。我很贊同。成為一名更好的足球運動員或更好的騎士和愛有什麼關係呢？
Well, courtly love was a social code governing behaviour between aristocratic men and womenthat developed at the same time and amongst the same people as chivalry and the two became intertwined – or hard to separate – from then on.
宮廷愛情成為一種社會準則，約束了貴族男女的行為舉止，與騎士精神在同一時間興起，同樣約束了騎士，二者至此難捨難分，交織在一起。
And aristocrats are people of high social rank. OK Alice, I think it’s time you told us the answer to today’s quiz question.
貴族是指社會地位很高的人。好了，愛麗絲，我覺得是時候公布今天問題的答案了。
Good idea. OK. I asked: Who wrote the novel Don Quixote, about a 50-year old man travelling Spain in search of knightly adventures in rusty armour and a cardboard helmet? Was it… a) Miguel de Cervantes, b) LeonTolstoy or c) William Shakespeare?
好的。我的問題是：哪位作家寫了小說《堂吉訶德》，講述了一位穿著鏽跡斑斑的盔甲，戴著紙做的頭盔的50歲老人，幻想自己是騎士，去西班牙冒險的故事？a) 塞萬提斯b) 列夫託爾斯泰 還是c)莎士比亞?
And I said a) Miguel de Cervantes.
我選的是a) 塞萬提斯。
And you were right! Well done! Don Quixote was written by Miguel de Cervantes and published in 1605. It’s a comic novel which describes what happens to an elderly knight who, his head muddled by reading too many romances, sets out on his old horse with his companion Sancho Panza, to seek adventure.
你答對了！做得好！《堂吉訶德》由塞萬提斯所著，發表於1605年。這是一部喜劇小說，講述了一個沉迷於騎士小說，幻想自己是騎士的老人，騎著自己的老馬，與同伴Sancho Panza一同冒險的故事。
Very interesting, Alice. Now can we hear the words we learned today?
非常有意思。我們再來聽一下今天的單詞吧？
Sure, they are:
好的，今天學到的單詞有：
chivalry
騎士精神
alive and kicking
活躍，依然存在
re-enactment
重演
my cup of tea
我的菜，符合興趣
jousting
馬上長槍比武
lance
長矛
tournament
比賽
fetching
迷人的
damsel in distress
落難少女
prowess
英勇
conventions
約定
courtly love
宮廷式愛情
intertwined
相互交錯
aristocrats
貴族
Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Please join us again soon.And… by the way, Alice, would you like my chair? It’s very comfortable…
今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。我們下次再會！順便說一下，愛麗絲，還需要我的椅子嗎？非常舒服哦。
Oh, thank you - now that the programme is over, Neil!
謝謝，節目都結束了！尼爾！
Better late than never.
遲做總比不做好。
Bye.
再見！
【親愛的小夥伴們，想了解更多雙語新聞嗎？請下載「英語頭條」APP,隨時隨地讀新聞，學英語！】