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四級閱讀Section C 試卷解析
大連中心 塗翰林，何德成
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
原文
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
1.【51】Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists, and it is easy to see why. South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale: every year almost 5 million hectares are lost. But forests are also changing in rich Western countries. They are growing larger, both in the sense that they occupy more and that the trees in them and bigger. What is going on?
2.【52】Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries, with fastest growth in places that historically had rather few tress. In 1990 28% of Spain was forested; now the proportion is 37%. In both Greece and Italy, the growth was from 26% to 32% over the same period. Forests are gradually taking more and in America and Australia. Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland. Roughly 1% of that country was forested when it became independent in 1922. Forests cover 11% of the land, and the government wants to push the proportion to 18% by the 2040s.
3.【53】Two things are fertilising this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high, dry places where nothing grows terribly well. When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding trees simply move in. The second is government policy and subsidy. Throughout history, governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons, ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building. 【54】Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air. The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant.
4.The greening of the West does not delight everyone. Farmers complain that land is being taken out of use by generously subsidised tree plantations. Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires. Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows. They will have to get used to the trees, however. 【55】The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.
51. What is catching environmentalists』 attention nowadays?
A) Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.
B) Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.
C) Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.
D) Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.
52. Which countries have the fastest forest growth?
A) Those that have newly achieved independence.
B) Those that at have the greatest demand for timber
C) Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.
D) Those that provide enormous government subsidies.
53. What has encouraged forest growth historically?
A) The government’s advocacy.
B) The use of wood for fuel.
C) The favorable climate.
D) The green movement.
54. What account for our increasing desire for forests?
A) Their unique scenic beauty.
B) Their use as fruit plantation.
C) Their capability of improving air quality.
D) Their stable supply of building materials.
55. What does the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?
A) Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.
B) It will play a more and more important role in people’s lives.
C) Forest destruction in the developing world will quickly slow down.
D) Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction.
答案及解析
Passage Two
51.B
【解析】
題幹問：「51. What is catching environmentalists』 attention nowadays? （現在，什麼事情引起了環保人士的注意？）」根據題幹關鍵詞定位到原文第1段「Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists, and it is easy to see why. South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale: every year almost 5 million hectares are lost.（巴西和剛果等國的森林受到了環境保護主義者的廣泛關注，原因很容易理解。南美洲和撒哈拉以南非洲正經歷著大規模的森林砍伐：每年有近500萬公頃的森林被砍伐殆盡。）」。通過對比可知「B) Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.（許多發展中國家的森林正在迅速減少。）」為正確選項。
52.C
【解析】
題幹問：「52. Which countries have the fastest forest growth?（哪些國家的森林增長最快）」根據題幹關鍵詞定位到原文第2段「Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries, with fastest growth in places that historically had rather few tress.（森林正在幾乎所有的西方國家蔓延，並且在歷史上樹木稀少的地方增長最快。）」。通過對比可知「C) Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.（那些過去森林覆蓋率最低的地區。）」為正確選項。
53.A
【解析】
題幹問：「53. What has encouraged forest growth historically?（歷史上是什麼鼓勵了森林的生長）」根據題幹關鍵詞定位到原文第3段「Two things are fertilising this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland…The second is government policy and subsidy.（有兩個因素在促進這種增長。第一個是放棄耕地，…第二個是政府的政策和補貼。）」。原文裡列舉了兩個因素，只要在選項中找到符合他們之一的選項即可，因此「A) The government’s advocacy.（政府的倡導）」為正確選項。
54.C
【解析】
題幹問：「54. What account for our increasing desire for forests?（為什麼我們對森林的渴望與日俱增）」根據題幹關鍵詞定位到原文第3段「Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air.（現在森林越來越受歡迎，因為它們吸收空氣中的碳汙染。）」。通過對比可知「C) Their capability of improving air quality.（改善空氣品質的能力）」為正確選項。
55.D
【解析】
題幹問：「55. What does the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?（作者對造林的前景有何看法？）」根據題幹關鍵詞定位到原文第4段「The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.（西方國家森林的增長似乎和其他地方的森林砍伐一樣勢不可擋。）」。通過對比可知「D) Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction.（發達國家和發展中國家正朝著相反的方向發展。）」為正確選項。
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