研究揭示多巴胺在學習過程中的功能
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/12/25 14:59:16
美國哈佛醫學院霍華德休斯醫學研究所Bernardo L. Sabatini小組研發現在學習過程中多巴胺可異步調控細胞類型特異的蛋白激酶A(PKA)。相關論文於2020年12月23日在線發表於國際學術刊《自然》雜誌。
在本研究中,研究人員在小鼠學習過程中監測了其伏隔核棘突投射神經元中釋放多巴胺的神經元的活性、多巴胺細胞外水平和PKA活性。研究發現多巴胺的正向和負向調控在整個訓練過程中不斷發展,既有必要也足以解釋棘突投射神經元中PKA活性的波動。表達1型和2型多巴胺受體的棘突投射神經元中PKA的調節是不同的,因此這些神經元分別對在不同階段學習過程中發生的多巴胺增加和減少敏感。因此,在學習過程中,棘突投射神經元中PKA依賴性途徑都受多巴胺正向或負向信號的異步調控。
據了解,強化學習模型認為釋放多巴胺的神經元編碼與行為和行為結果有關的信息,並以釋放多巴胺的形式向紋狀體棘突神經元提供學習信號。人們認為多巴胺通過動態和差異調控棘突投射神經元中的PKA來指導學習。但是,尚不清楚在動物行為發生過程中多巴胺和PKA在棘突投射神經元之間的實時關係。
Title: Cell-type-specific asynchronous modulation of PKA by dopamine in learning
Author: Suk Joon Lee, Bart Lodder, Yao Chen, Tommaso Patriarchi, Lin Tian, Bernardo L. Sabatini
Issue&Volume: 2020-12-23
Abstract: Reinforcement learning models postulate that neurons that release dopamine encode information about action and action outcome, and provide a teaching signal to striatal spiny projection neurons in the form of dopamine release1. Dopamine is thought to guide learning via dynamic and differential modulation of protein kinase A (PKA) in each class of spiny projection neuron2. However, the real-time relationship between dopamine and PKA in spiny projection neurons remains untested in behaving animals. Here we monitor the activity of dopamine-releasing neurons, extracellular levels of dopamine and net PKA activity in spiny projection neurons in the nucleus accumbens of mice during learning. We find positive and negative modulation of dopamine that evolves across training and is both necessary and sufficient to explain concurrent fluctuations in the PKA activity of spiny projection neurons. Modulations of PKA in spiny projection neurons that express type-1 and type-2 dopamine receptors are dichotomous, such that these neurons are selectively sensitive to increases and decreases, respectively, in dopamine that occur at different phases of learning. Thus, PKA-dependent pathways in each class of spiny projection neuron are asynchronously engaged by positive or negative dopamine signals during learning. The net PKA activities in each class of spiny projection neuron in the nucleus accumbens of the mouse are dichotomously modulated by asynchronous positive and negative dopamine signals during different phases of learning.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03050-5
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03050-5