Hello, everybody. This is Elliott from ETJ English that's "Elliott" with two Ts, by the way. Recently, a few days ago, I posted a video on my Instagram and I asked my students "please tell me some words that you find really difficult to pronounce in British English".
大家好。我是來自 ETJ 英語頻道的埃利奧特。最近，幾天前，我在Instagram上發布了一段視頻，我問我的學生「請告訴我一些你覺得在英式英語中很難發音的單詞」。
So, I received about 160 words. And I've chosen 10 what is actually 11 but 10 is just a you know a better number which I'm going to help you today to pronounce which should be difficult for a few of you.
我收到了大約一百六十個單詞。我選擇了十個，其實是十一個，但十是一個更好的數字，我會教你們這些詞如何發音，這對你們某些人來說應該很難。
Maybe they're easy for some of you, I'm sorry if they are, but let's get straight to the list. The first word I want to start with today is the word "literally", "literally".
也許對某些人來說很容易，如果是，那很抱歉，不過，我們直接開始吧。我今天要說的第一個單詞是「literally/ltrli/」，「literally」。
Now, in British English, we do this thing called elision. And elision is when we remove a sound from a word technically just to make it easier and because it's just something we're used to doing, much easier for us just to say "literally", "literally".
在英式英語中，我們管這叫省音。省音是指我們從一個單詞中刪除一個音，只是為了讓它更簡單，因為這是我們習慣做的事情，對我們來說，讀成/ltrli/，/ltrli/要容易得多。
Example sentence: I literally saw you 3 minutes ago. I literally saw you 3 minutes ago.
例句：我三分鐘前見過你。我三分鐘前見過你。
Number 2, similar situation, we have the word "exactly". And this is how I pronounce it: exactly/ɡzkli/.
第二，類似地，單詞「exactly」。我是這樣發音的：exactly/ɡzkli/.
Firstly, the first thing to notice is it begins with an // sound, //. So that pair with the /i: /, we don't want /i: /, we want //. /ɡzkli/, exactly.
首先要注意的是它以一個//音開頭，//。和/i:/一組的那個，但我們不讀/i:/，而是//。/ɡzkli/，exactly。
So again, something we're doing here is we're removing a T because it's much easier to pronounce it as "exactly/ɡzkli/". Now, some people, yes, they still do pronounce it with the T, and they will say "exactly/ɡzktli/".
同樣，我們把一個 T 音去掉了，因為這樣更容易發音，exactly/ɡzkli/。很多人仍然把 T 音發出來，他們會讀成 exactly/ɡzktli/。
That's more of a traditional way of saying it. But I teach modern British pronunciation, this is how most people I know, this is how I pronounce it "exactly/ɡzkli/".
這是更傳統的讀法。但我教的是現代英式發音，這是我認識的大多數人的發音方式，exactly/ɡzkli/。
Example sentence: You're exactly right. You're exactly right.
例句：你說得對。你說得對。
Number three. These two words often get confused. I have so many messages about these words.
第三。這兩個詞經常被混淆。我收到了很多關於這兩個詞的信息。
We have the word "walk"; we have the word "work". The first one I want to talk about is "work".
那就是單詞「walk」和「work」。我想說的第一個是「work」。
Now, this sound is actually a long vowel sound, the // south. So, the mouth is relaxed, we just kind of leave it open like we're breathing.
這個音其實是一個長元音，//音。嘴巴放鬆，只是像呼吸一樣張開。
And the tongue should be kind of floating in the middle of the mouth, very relaxed, and the sound we should be making is //. Imagine you're sat next to your friend, your girlfriend, your boyfriend, whoever.
而且舌頭浮於嘴巴中間，非常放鬆，發出的音是//。想像一下，你坐在你的朋友，你的女朋友或男朋友旁邊。
And they fart. They do a really disgusting fart, right, and it stinks, really smells. Now, my natural reaction would be to make this sound: Errrr. . .
然後他們放屁。他們放了個很臭的屁，很臭很臭。我的自然反應會是這樣：呃......
So, what we're doing is the mouth is relaxed, the tongue just floats in the middle of the mouth, //. That's a more relaxed version of it, //.
我們要做的是嘴巴放鬆，舌頭上抬至嘴巴間，//。我們再放鬆一些，//。
So now, try it with the /w/, work, work. And now the walk/wk/.
讀/w/試試，work，work。現在我們說說/wk/。
It's more of a round shape with the mouth. The tongue is the same height, so it's in the middle of the mouth, but it's going back towards the throat: walk, walk.
發這個音嘴巴要張得圓一些。舌頭高度相同，處於嘴巴中間，但向喉嚨靠一點：walk，walk。
Now, try: I walk to work on Thursday. I walk to work on Thursday.
現在來讀：我周四走路上班。我周四走路上班。
So, remember, //, round mouth, tongue back; //, relaxed mouth, kind of sitting in the middle of the mouth of the tongue. Next, we have the word "through".
記住，//，嘴巴張成圓形，舌頭靠後；//，嘴巴放鬆，舌頭放在嘴巴中間。下一個，單詞「through」。
So I hear this pronounced in many different ways. I hear "/θru/", I hear "/θru/", so many different ways.
我聽過這個詞的很多種發音。我聽過有/θru/，還有/θru/，各種版本。
Now, what we need to do? If you, you should know how to pronounce the th sound if you've been watching my videos.
那麼，我們該怎麼發音呢？如果你看過我的視頻，你應該知道 th 如何發音。
I've done a video about this also. Tongue goes between the teeth, okay? /θ/.
我做過一個關於這個音的視頻。舌頭放在牙齒之間，/θ/。
And what we need to do is we don't want a gap; we don't want a "th", "rou"; we need it to go straight from /θ/ into a /r/ into an /u/, /θru/. So, let your tongue kind of curl like that between the teeth and let the tongue curl back, "through", "through", and the mouth gets round, "through".
發音中間不要有間隔，不要發成「th」，「rou」，我們要直接從/θ/到/r/再到/u/，/θru/。讓你的舌頭在牙齒之間稍稍捲起來，讓舌頭向後卷，through，through，嘴巴張成圓形，「through」。
And we don't want "thro" and we don't want "tho-rough", "tho-rough", we want "through", okay, relax. It's a big thing about pronunciation.
不要讀成「thro」，不要讀成「tho-rough」，「tho-rough」，而是「thorough」，放鬆。發音很重要。
So, for example: We've been through thick and thin. We've been through thick and thin.
例句：我們歷盡了千辛萬苦。我們歷盡了千辛萬苦。
It's a good little tongue twister to practice the th sound. If you've been "through thick and thin" with someone, that means that you've had, you know, you've got a really good relationship with someone.
這是練習 th 音的一個很好的小繞口令。如果你和某個人「經歷了千辛萬苦」，那就意味著你曾經和某人的關係非常好。
You've been through difficult times; you've been through good times, and you've still stayed together okay. We've been through thick and thin.
你們經歷過困難時期；你們經歷過美好的時光，你們仍然在一起。我們經歷了千辛萬苦。
Number 5, thoroughly, tho-rough-ly. So, we need to understand the difference between // and //.
第五，thoroughly, tho-rough-ly。我們需要知道//和//的區別。
Schwa is the second one. The first one is the // sound, the tongue is a little bit lower in the middle of the mouth, /θ/.
第二個是弱央元音。第一個是//音，舌頭在嘴巴中間低一點，/θ/。
Then we need to do a /r/ and then we go into a schwa sound which the tongue raises a little bit higher. Compare these two: //, //; //, //.
然後我們要發一個/r/音，然後是一個弱央元音，舌頭稍微往上抬一點。對比這兩個：//，//；//，//。
Tho-rough-ly, thoroughly, thoroughly. Please check my homework thoroughly.
Tho-rough-ly，thoroughly，thoroughly。請仔細檢查我的作業。
Please check my homework thoroughly. The next is a common one that I get asked about many many times and it's "sixth".
請仔細檢查我的作業。下一個是我經常被問到的，那就是「sixth」。
So, I just want you to imagine how do you say "fourth", how do you say "fifth". I want you to just do the same.
我想讓你們想像一下，「fourth」怎麼說，「fifth」怎麼說。我想讓你們用同樣的方式發這個音。
So, I want you to go /sk-θ/, /sk-θ/. So, you have to go from the /k/ to then pushing your tongue between your teeth and releasing the th sound, "sixth", "sixth".
我想讓你們這樣發音：/sk-θ/，/sk-θ/。你得從/k/音這裡把你的舌頭推向牙齒之間，然後發出 th 音，「sixth」，「sixth」。
Now, don't worry about doing it the old-fashioned way. Nobody really does it.
不用擔心傳統的發音方式。沒有人那樣發音。
If I'm talking fast, I'm not going to say /sksθ/ because that's just too much happening with my mouth. Much easier for me to say, for example: This is my sixth/skθ/ time in England.
如果我講話很快，我不會說/sksθ/，因為這樣我的嘴巴要發太多音了。如果我這樣發音的話會更容易：This is my sixth/skθ/ time in England.
This is my sixth time in England. Okay? That's how most people will pronounce it in southern England.
明白嗎？英國南部的多數人會這樣發音。下一個詞。我們讀 schedule/edjul/還是schedule/skedul/？
Next word. Do we say schedule/??edju?l/ or do we say schedule/?sked?u?l/??Now, the old-fashioned RP English way of pronouncing it would definitely be /??edju?l/.
以前的 RP 口音的發音絕對是schedule/edjul/。你從 BBC 新聞就會聽到。
This is how you'll hear on the BBC News. Let's just practice that, /-e-djul/, /e-djul/, /edjul/.
我們來練一下，/-e-djul/，/e-djul/，/edjul/ 。如今，在英國，我們正在經歷英語的美式化。
Now in England, we have this thing that's happening called the Americanization of English. Well, that's what people are calling it.
人們是這麼稱呼的。這是因為，我們很多人看《與卡戴珊姐妹同行》之類的美國電視劇。
And it's because, you know, we have so many people watching things like the Kardashians and all this you know American TV. And what we're doing is we're picking up American sounds in our speech.
我們正在把某些美式發音融入我們自己的口音。並非說我們會開始用美式發音，但我們正在把個別的單詞發音融入我們自己的口音。
Now, we're not going, we're never going to start sounding like Americans, but we are picking up the pronunciation of particular words. And this is one of those words where in southern England now, a lot of people are just saying /skedul/, /skedul/, /ske/, /skedul/.
而這是其中一個單詞，現在在英國南部，很多人說/skedul/，/skedul/，/ske/，/skedul/。在我看來，這完全取決於你。
And in my opinion, it's entirely up to you. If the rest of your sounds are British, then it doesn't matter if you say it like this, okay?
如果你的其他發音都是英式的，那麼你這樣發音也沒關係。/skedul/或/edjul/，由你決定。
/skedul/ or /edjul/, up to you. So, this sentence I'm gonna say twice, once with /ske-/ and once with /e-/.
這個句子我會讀兩次，一次讀/ske-/，一次讀/e-/。我的日程很緊。
I have a very tight schedule. Or: I have a very tight schedule.
我的日程很緊。嗯，這取決於你。
Okay. So, it's up to you. Next, very popular one in the comments on my Instagram: entrepreneur.
下一個是在我的 Instagram 上評論非常多的一個：entrepreneur。這個詞有點難搞。
So, there's a few difficult things happening here. We've got this // sound at the beginning.
它的開頭是//音。/n/，/ntr/，/tr/，/tr/，你的舌頭要移動，這裡有兩個弱央元音，/tr/，/pr/，/n/。
/n/, /ntr/, /tr/, /tr/, so you need to get that tongue moving, so we've got two schwa sounds /tr/, /pr/, /n/. I'm an entrepreneur.
我是一名企業家。我是一名企業家。
I'm an entrepreneur. Okay. That's kind of a difficult one.
這個詞有點難。最後一個，我相信我的很多學生都被它難倒了。
Now, the last one, I think is a lot of my students have struggled with this one. We're going back to that // sound.
我們回到//音。記住，你的朋友放屁了。很臭，//。
So remember, your friend farted. It stinks, // okay? Tongue in the middle of the mouth, relaxed mouth, //
舌頭放在嘴巴中間，嘴巴放鬆。開頭是/g/，/g/，/g/。
/g/ at the beginning, /g/, /g/. We need to finish with something called a dark /l/.
詞尾有個稱作濁音/l/的音。我現在不會解釋那是什麼，但這個 L 和「yellow」裡面的 L 的發音是不同的。
I'm not gonna explain what that is now, but it's not the L that you'd hear in a word like "yellow". We don't move the tongue like that, /l/.
我們不會像那樣移動舌頭，/l/。而是嘴巴張成圓形，就像/w/音，舌頭向上抬同時稍微向後卷：girl，girl。
This time, we're creating a round shape almost like a /w/ sound and the tongue is going up and curling back a little bit: girl, girl. For example: my girlfriend, my girlfriend.
例如：my girlfriend，my girlfriend。我每周四拍一段視頻，下周我想再拍一段關於英國英語常用表達方式的視頻。
So, I make videos every Thursday and next week I want to do a video again about some common British English expressions. Now, I'm a pronunciation teacher, so I want to focus on how we pronounce them in everyday phrases.
我是一名發音老師，所以我想關注我們在日常用語中如何發音。這也是你們來學習的原因。
This is where you come in. I want you to tell me what topic do you want me to make a video about.
我想讓你告訴我你希望我拍一個關於什麼主題的視頻。你想學習用於什麼場合的表達用語？
So what expressions, what situations do you want expressions for? Do you want expressions for saying goodbye to people? Do you want expressions for work?
你想學習關於告別的表達用語嗎？你想學習關於工作的表達用語嗎？你想學習哪方面的表達用語？
What do you want expressions for? So, if you can write in the comments below, that would be fantastic and I'll start planning that video very soon.
如果你能在下面寫下評論，那就太棒了，我很快就會開始計劃這段視頻。別忘了訂閱，點擊通知鈴聲按鈕，以便在我發布新視頻的時候收到通知。
Don't forget to subscribe, hit the notification bell button to get notifications when I release my videos. Instagram, I post videos daily, so please check that out Facebook, Twitter, all of that lovely stuff.
我每天都在 Instagram 上發布視頻，請去查看我的 Facebook, Twitter，所有那些帳號吧。我們下周四在我的發音課上再見。
And I will see you next Thursday in my next pronunciation lesson. Cheers, guys, have a wonderful week! Bye!
再見，夥計們，一周愉快！拜！