時間：1945年7月17日至8月2日
地點：德國柏林波茨坦
與會者：史達林、杜魯門和邱吉爾（後期為英國新任首相艾德禮）
註：中國政府當時並未參加波茨坦會議。
1945年7月26日，以美、英、中3國宣言形式發表了《波茨坦公告》，敦促日本立即無條件投降，宣布了盟國佔領日本後將實施的基本原則，並重申1943年12月1日《開羅宣言》必須實施。1945年8月2日，《蘇英美三國波茨坦會議議定書》籤字。
日本最初拒絕接受波茨坦公告
波茨坦公告發布之後，日本政府拒絕接受。
隨後，1945年8月6日和8月9日，美國在廣島和長崎，分別投下一枚原子彈；
8月15日，日本宣布無條件投降，日本天皇向全國廣播了接受波茨坦公告、無條件投降的詔書；
9月2日上午9時，日本新任外相重光葵在停泊於東京灣的美國戰列艦密蘇裡號上，在投降書上簽字。
《波斯坦公告》全文（中英對照）
1945年７月26日發表《波茨坦公告》，敦促日本投降。全文如下：
Issued, at Potsdam, July 26, 1945
美、英、中三國政府領袖公告：
（一）餘等：美國總統、中國國民政府主席及英國首相代表餘等億萬國民，業經會商，並同意對日本應予以一機會，以結束此次戰事。
We-the President of the United States, the President of the National Government of the Republic of China, and the Prime Minister of Great Britain, representing the hundreds of millions of our countrymen, have conferred and agree that Japan shall be given an opportunity to end this war.
（二）美國、英帝國及中國之龐大陸、海、軍部隊，業已增強多倍，其由西方調來之軍隊及空軍，即將予日本以最後之打擊，彼等之武力受所有聯合國之決心之支持及鼓勵，對日作戰，不至其停止抵抗不止。
The prodigious land, sea and air forces of the United States, the British Empire and of China, many times reinforced by their armies and air fleets from the west, are poised to strike the final blows upon Japan. This military power is sustained and inspired by the determination of all the Allied Nations to prosecute the war against Japan until she ceases to resist.
（三）德國無效果及無意識抵抗全世界激起之自由人之力量，所得之結果，彰彰在前，可為日本人民之殷鑑。此種力量當其對付抵抗之納粹 時不得不將德國人民全體之土地、工業及其生活方式摧殘殆盡。但現在集中對待日本之星則較之更為龐大，不可衡量。吾等之軍力，加以吾人之堅決意志為後盾，若予以全部實施，必將使日本軍隊完全毀滅，無可逃避，而日本之本土亦必終歸全部殘毀。
The result of the futile and senseless German resistance to the might of the aroused free peoples of the world stands forth in awful clarity as an example to the people of Japan. The might that now converges on Japan is immeasurably greater than that which, when applied to the resisting Nazis, necessarily laid waste to the lands, the industry and the method of life of the whole German people. The full application of our military power, backed by our resolve, will mean the inevitable and complete destruction of the Japanese armed forces and just as inevitably the utter devastation of the Japanese homeland.
（四）現時業已到來，日本必須決定一途，其將繼續受其一意孤行計算錯誤，使日本帝國已陷於完全毀滅之境之軍人之統制，抑或走向理智之路。
The time has come for Japan to decide whether she will continue to be controlled by those self-willed militaristic advisers whose unintelligent calculations have brought the Empire of Japan to the threshold of annihilation, or whether she will follow the path of reason.
（五）以下為吾人之條件，吾人決不更改，亦無其他另一方式。猶豫遷延，更為吾人所不容許。
Following are our terms. We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives. We shall brook no delay.
（六）欺騙及錯誤領導日本人民使其妄欲徵服世界者之威權及勢力，必須永久剔除。蓋吾人堅持非將負責之窮兵黷武主義驅出世界，則和平安全及正義之新秩序勢不可能。
There must be eliminated for all time the authority and influence of those who have deceived and misled the people of Japan into embarking on world conquest, for we insist that a new order of peace, security and justice will be impossible until irresponsible militarism is driven from the world.
（七）直至如此之新秩序成立時，及直至日本製造戰爭之力量業已毀滅，有確定可信之證據時，日本領土經盟國之指定，必須佔領，俾吾人在此陳述之基本目的得以完成。
Until such a new order is established and until there is convincing proof that Japan's war-making power is destroyed, points in Japanese territory to be designated by the Allies shall be occupied to secure the achievement of the basic objectives we are here setting forth.
（八）開羅宣言之條件必將實施，而日本之主權必將限於本州、北海道、九州、四國及吾人所決定其他小島之內。
The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine.
（九）日本軍隊在完全解除武裝以後，將被允許返其家鄉，得有和平及生產生活之機會。
The Japanese military forces, after being completely disarmed, shall be permitted to return to their homes with the opportunity to lead peaceful and productive lives.
（十）吾人無意奴役日本民族或消滅其國家，但對於戰罪人犯，包括虐待吾人俘虜在內，將處以法律之裁判，日本政府必將阻止日本人民民主趨勢之復興及增強之所有障礙予以消除，言論、宗教及思想自由以及對於基本人權之重視必須成立。
We do not intend that the Japanese shall be enslaved as a race or destroyed as a nation, but stern justice shall be meted out to all war criminals, including those who have visited cruelties upon our prisoners. The Japanese Government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people. Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental human rights shall be established.
（十一）日本將被允許維持其經濟所必須及可以償付貨物賠款之工業，但可以使其獲得原料，以別於統制原料，日本最後參加國際貿易關係當可準許。
Japan shall be permitted to maintain such industries as will sustain her economy and permit the exaction of just reparations in kind, but not those which would enable her to re-arm for war. To this end, access to, as distinguished from control of, raw materials shall be permitted. Eventual Japanese participation in world trade relations shall be permitted.
（十二）上述目的達到及依據日本人民自由表示之意志成立一傾向和平及負責之政府後，同盟國佔領軍隊當撤退。
The occupying forces of the Allies shall be withdrawn from Japan as soon as these objectives have been accomplished and there has been established in accordance with the freely expressed will of the Japanese people a peacefully inclined and responsible government.
（十三）吾人通告日本政府立即宣布所有日本武裝部隊無條件投降，並以此種行動誠意實行予以適當之各項保證，除此一途，日本即將迅速完全毀滅。
We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction.
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