2.關係代詞which引導的定語從句,which指物,在從句中可以作主語、賓語等。多數情況下,可與that互換。
【真題例句】用If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties.(2002閱讀1)
【結構分析】本句包含兩個並列分句,由and連接。第一個分句為you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you,這裡包含一個定語從句,由which引導,關係代詞which指代先行詞the experiences and problems,在從句中作主語。第二個分句為it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties,其中使用了it作形式主語,真正的主語為不定式to make a passing remark about…。句首的if引導條件狀語從句,其中group由which引導的定語從句which you are addressing修飾,which在從句中指代先行詞groups,作address的賓語。
【參考譯文】如果你是你談話聽眾中的一員,你就能夠了解你們所共有的經歷和問題,而且你也可對餐廳極難吃的食物或者領導在選擇領帶方面差勁的品味進行評頭論足。
【真題例句】Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture", like the concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. (2003-65)
【結構分析】本句的主幹是一個主系表結構,主語和系動詞被介賓短語like the concept of "set" in mathematics所作的狀語分隔,連接後為the anthropological concept of "culture" is an abstract concept…,其中表語abstract concept由which引導的定語從句which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding修飾,在從句中,which代替concept作主語。
【參考譯文】因此,就像數學中"集合"的概念一樣,人類學中"文化"的概念是一個抽象概念。它使大量的具體研究和認識成為可能。
【真題例句】He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully." (2008-49)
【結構分析】本句為複合句。主句為He adds humbly that…,其中adds的賓語部分由that引導的賓語從句充當。在此賓語從句中,兩個介賓短語in noticing things 和 in observing them carefully都作狀語,關係代詞which引導的定語從句which easily escape attention修飾先行詞things,which在從句指代things作主語。
【參考譯文】他謙卑地補充道,或許他"和普通人比起來,更能夠注意到那些別人不容易注意到的細節,並對此加以詳細地觀察"。
推薦閱讀
掌上考研
中國教育在線考研訂閱號
研究生留學qq群:437946603