The red handfish, a relative of the extinct smooth handfish. Credit: Mark Green/CSIRO Marine Research Wikimedia (CC BY 3.0)
紅色手魚，已滅絕的光滑手魚的親戚。圖片來源：Mark Green / CSIRO Marine Research Wikimedia （CC BY 3.0）
Bonin pipistrelle (Pipistrellus sturdeei)—Scientists only recorded this Japanese bat one time, back in the 19th century. The IUCN listed it as 「data deficient」 from 2006 to 2020, a period during which its taxonomy was under debate, but a paper published in March settled that issue, and the latest Red List update placed the species in the the extinct category. The Japanese government itself has listed the bat as extinct since 2014.
Bonin pipistrelle（Pipistrellus sturdeei） —科學家僅在19世紀曾一次記錄過這種日本蝙蝠。IUCN將其列為2006年至2020年的「數據不足」時期，這一時期對其分類法進行了辯論，但3月份發表的一篇論文解決了該問題，最新的《紅色名錄》更新將該物種列入了滅絕類別。自2014年以來，日本政府本身就將蝙蝠滅絕。
Pseudoyersinia brevipennis—This praying mantis from France hasn’t been seen since 1860. Its declared extinction comes after some extended (and still unresolved) debate over its validity as a unique species.
Pseudoyersinia brevipennis —自1860年以來就沒有出現過這種來自法國的螳螂。在宣布其滅絕之後，人們對它作為一種獨特物種的有效性進行了廣泛（但仍未解決）的爭論。
Agave lurida—Last seen in Oaxaca, Mexico, in 2001, this succulent was finally declared extinct in the wild this year after numerous expeditions searching for remaining plants. As the IUCN Red List notes, 「There are only a few specimens left in ex-situ collections, which is a concern for the extinction of the species in the near future.」
龍舌蘭（Agave lurida） — 2001年在墨西哥瓦哈卡州最後一次見到這種肉質，經過無數次搜尋剩餘植物的考察，今年終於在野外滅絕了。正如世界自然保護聯盟（IUCN）紅色名錄所指出的那樣，「異地 採集中只剩下了一些標本 ，這是該物種在不久的將來滅絕的一個問題。」
Falso Maguey Grande (Furcraea macdougallii)—Another Oaxacan succulent that’s extinct in the wild but still exists in cultivated form (you can buy these plants online today for as little as $15). Last seen growing naturally in 1973, the plant’s main habitat was degraded in 1953 to make way for agave plantations for mezcal production. Wildfires may have also played a role, but the species』 limited distribution also made it easier to kill it off: 「The restricted range of the species also made it very vulnerable to small local disturbances, and hence the last few individuals were easily destroyed,」 according to the IUCN.
Falso Maguey Grande（Furcraea macdougallii） -另一種在野外滅絕但仍以栽培形式存在的瓦哈卡肉質植物（您今天可以在線購買這些植物，價格低至15美元）。上一次看到這種植物是在1973年自然生長的，但該植物的主要棲息地在1953年退化，為龍舌蘭人工林的生產提供了空間。野火也可能起到了作用，但是該物種的有限分布也使其更容易被殺死：「該物種的範圍有限，也使其很容易受到當地的小規模幹擾，因此，最後幾個個體很容易被破壞，根據IUCN。
Eriocaulon inundatum—Last scientifically collected in Senegal in 1943, this pipewort’s only know habitat has since been destroyed by salt mining.
Eriocaulon inundatum —上一次在塞內加爾進行的科學採集於1943年，此草唯一了解的棲息地此後被鹽礦開採破壞了。
Persoonia laxa—This shrub from New South Wales, Australia, was collected just two times—in 1907 and 1908—in habitats that have since become 「highly urbanized.」 The NSW government still lists it as 「presumed extinct,」 but the IUCN placed it fully in the 「extinct」 category in 2020.
Persoonia laxa（一種來自澳大利亞新南威爾斯州的灌木）在1907年和1908年僅兩次被收集在後來變得「高度城市化」的棲息地中。新南威爾斯州政府仍將其列為「已滅絕」，但自然保護聯盟在2020年將其完全列為「滅絕」類別。
Nazareno (Monteverdia lineata)—Scientific papers declared this Cuban flowing plant species extinct in 2010 and 2015, although it wasn’t catalogued in the IUCN Red List until this year. It grew in a habitat now severely degraded by agriculture and livestock farming.
Nazareno（Monteverdia lineata） —科學論文宣稱這種古巴流動植物物種在2010年和2015年已滅絕，儘管直到今年才被列入IUCN紅色名錄。它生長在如今因農業和畜牧業而嚴重退化的棲息地中。
Wynberg conebush (Leucadendron grandiflorum)—This South African plant hasn’t been seen in more than 200 years and was long considered the earliest documented extinction from that country, although it only made it to the IUCN Red List recently. Its sole habitat 「was the location of the earliest colonial farms,」 including vineyards.
溫伯格錐果 （Leucadendron grandiflorum） -這種南非植物已經有200多年沒有出現了，儘管它最近才被列入世界自然保護聯盟紅色名錄，但長期以來被認為是該國滅絕的 最早文獻。它唯一的棲息地「是最早的殖民農場的所在地」，包括葡萄園。
Wolseley conebush (Leucadendron spirale)—Another South African plant, this one last seen in 1933 and since extensively sought after, including high rewards for its rediscovery. The IUCN says the cause of its extinction is unknown 「but is likely the result of habitat loss to crop cultivation, alien plant invasion and afforestation.」 Oh yeah, and it probably didn’t help that in 1809 a scientist wrote that the species possessed 「little beauty」 and discouraged it from further collection.
Wolseley ol（Leucadendron spirale） —南非的另一種植物，最後一次見於1933年，此後受到廣泛追捧，包括 對其重新發現的豐厚獎勵。世界自然保護聯盟說，其滅絕的原因尚不清楚，「但很可能是由於作物種植，外來植物入侵和植樹造林而喪失了棲息地的結果。」 哦，是的，在1809年，一位科學家寫道該物種具有「小美感」，並阻止了其進一步收集，這可能無濟於事。
Schizothorax saltans—This fish from Kazakhstan was last seen in 1953, around the time the rivers feeding its lake habitats were drained for irrigation. The IUCN did not assess the species before this past year.
Schizothorax saltans-這種來自哈薩克斯坦的魚最後一次出現在1953年，大約是在為其湖泊棲息地提供營養的河流排乾水進行灌溉的時候。IUCN在去年之前沒有評估該物種。
Alphonsea hortensis—Declared 「extinct in the wild」 this year after no observations since 1969, the last specimens of this Sri Lankan tree species now grow at Peradeniya Royal Botanic Garden.
Alphonsea hortensis —自1969年以來未曾觀測，今年已宣布「滅絕在野外」，此斯裡蘭卡樹種的最後標本現在生長在Peradeniya皇家植物園。
Lord Howe long-eared bat (Nyctophilus howensis)—This island species is known from a single skull discovered in 1972. Conservationists held out hope that it still existed following several possible sightings, but those hopes have now been dashed.
豪勳爵長耳蝙蝠（Nyctophilus howensis） —該島種是從1972年發現的單個頭骨中得知的。保護主義者寄希望於在多次目擊中發現它仍然存在，但現在這些希望破滅了。
Deppea splendens—This IUCN declared this beautiful plant species 「extinct in the wild」 this year. All living specimens exist only because botanist Dennis Breedlove, who discovered the species in 1973, collected seeds before the plant’s sole habitat in Mexico was plowed over to make way for farmland. Now known as a 「holy grail」 for some gardeners, cultivated plants descended from Breedlove’s seeds can be purchased online for as little as $16.95.
Deppea splendens —這個自然保護聯盟宣布今年這種美麗的植物「在野外滅絕」。所有活著的標本之所以存在，僅是因為植物學家丹尼斯·布雷德洛夫（Dennis Breedlove）於1973年發現了該物種，然後才將其在墨西哥唯一的棲息地 耕作耕種， 以便為農田耕種。現在，對於某些園丁來說，這是一種「聖杯」，從Breedlove的種子衍生而來的栽培植物可以在線購買，價格低至16.95美元。
Pass stubfoot toad (Atelopus senex)—Another Costa Rican chytrid victim, last seen in 1986.
傳遞腳蟾蜍（Atelopus senex） -哥斯大黎加另一種食糜受害者，最後一次見於1986年。
Craugastor myllomyllon—A Guatemalan frog that never had a common name and hasn’t been seen since 1978 (although it wasn’t declared a species until 2000). Unlike the other frogs on this year’s list, this one disappeared before the chytrid fungus arrived; it was likely wiped out when agriculture destroyed its only habitat.
Craugastor myllomyllon —一種瓜地馬拉青蛙，從1978年開始就沒有人使用過這種名字，儘管它直到2000年才被宣布為物種，但從未見過。與今年名單上的其他青蛙不同，這隻青蛙在蘇木菌到達之前就消失了。當農業摧毀了它唯一的棲息地時，它很可能消失了。
Spined dwarf mantis (Ameles fasciipennis)—This Italian praying mantis was only scientifically collected once, in or around 1871, and never seen again. The IUCN says the genus’s taxonomy is 「rather confusing and further analysis need to be done to confirm the validity of this species.」 Here’s what we do know, though: There are none to be found today, despite extensive surveys.
矮矮人螳螂（Ameles fasciipennis） -這種義大利螳螂在1871年左右或大約只被科學採集一次，以後再也沒有見過。IUCN說，該屬的分類法「相當混亂，需要進一步分析以確認該物種的有效性。」 但是，這就是我們所知道的：儘管進行了廣泛的調查，但今天仍然找不到。
Scleria chevalieri—This Senagalese plant, last seen in 1929, once grew in swamps that have since been drained to irrigate local gardens.
Scleria chevalieri —這種Senagalese植物最後一次出現在1929年，曾經生長在沼澤中，後來被排乾以灌溉當地的花園。
Hawai『i yellowwood (Ochrosia kilaueaensis)—This tree hasn’t been seen since 1927. Its rainforest habitat has been severely degraded by invasive plants and goats, as well as fires. It’s currently listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, but the IUCN declared it extinct this past year.
夏威夷黃木（Ochrosia kilaueaensis） —自1927年以來就沒有發現過這棵樹。其雨林棲息地已因入侵植物和山羊以及大火而嚴重退化。它目前被列為 瀕危 根據美國瀕危物種法案，但世界自然保護聯盟宣布它在過去的一年滅絕。
Roystonea stellate—Scientists only collected this Cuban palm tree a single time, back in 1939. Several searches have failed to uncover evidence of its continued existence, probably due to conversion of its only habitats to coffee plantations.
Roystonea星狀星體-科學家僅在1939年才一次收集到這棵古巴棕櫚樹。幾次搜索未能發現其繼續存在的證據，這可能是由於其唯一的棲息地向咖啡種植園轉變的緣故。
Jalpa false brook salamander (Pseudoeurycea exspectata)—Small farms, cattle grazing and logging appear to have wiped out this once-common Guatemalan amphibian, last seen in 1976. At least 16 surveys since 1985 did not find any evidence of the species』 continued existence.
Jalpa false brook salamander（Pseudoeurycea exspectata）—小農場，放牧和砍伐的牲畜似乎消滅了這種曾經常見的瓜地馬拉兩棲動物，最後一次見於1976年。自1985年以來，至少有16次調查沒有發現該物種繼續存在的任何證據。 。
Faramea chiapensis—Only collected once in 1953, this Mexican plant lost its cloud-forest habitat to colonialism and deforestation.
Faramea chiapensis-這種墨西哥植物僅在1953年收集一次，就因殖民主義和森林砍伐而失去了其雲霧森林的棲息地。
Euchorium cubense—Last seen in 1924, this Cuban flowing plant—the only member of its genus—has long been assumed lost. The IUCN characterized it as extinct in 2020 along with Banara wilsonii, another Cuban plant last seen in 1938 before its habitat was cleared for a sugarcane plantation.
Euchorium cubense（上一次見於1924年）是古巴的一種流水植物，是其屬的唯一成員，長期以來一直被認為已經消失了。IUCN將其與另一種古巴植物Banara wilsonii一起於2020年滅絕 ，該種植物最後一次見於1938年，其棲息地被清理用於甘蔗種植。
Aloe silicicola—Last seen in 1920, this plant from the mountains of Madagascar enters the IUCN Red List as 「extinct in the wild」 due to a vague reference that it still exists in a botanical garden. Its previous habitat has been the site of frequent fires.
蘆薈-最後一次見於1920年，這棵來自馬達加斯加山脈的植物因其仍然存在於植物園中而含糊其詞，因此被列入IUCN紅色名錄，稱其為「野外滅絕」。它以前的棲息地是頻繁發生火災的地方。
Chitala lopis—A large fish from the island of Java, this species hasn’t been seen since 1851 (although many online sources use this taxonomic name for other 「featherback」 fish species that still exist). It was probably wiped out by a wide range of habitat-degrading factors, including pollution, unsustainable fishing and near-complete deforestation around nearby rivers.
Chitala lopis-來自爪哇島的大型魚類，自1851年以來就沒有發現過該物種（儘管許多在線資料來源將這種分類學名稱用於仍存在的其他「羽背」魚類）。可能由於各種棲息地退化因素而將其消滅，包括汙染，不可持續的捕魚和附近河流附近幾乎完全的森林砍伐。
Eriocaulon jordanii—This grass species formerly occurred in two known sites in coastal Sierra Leone, where its previous habitats were converted to rice fields in the 1950s.
Eriocaulon jordanii —該草種以前發生在獅子山沿海的兩個已知地點，在1950年代以前將其以前的棲息地轉變為稻田。
Amomum sumatranum—A relative of cardamom, this plant from Sumatra was only scientifically collected once, back in 1921, and the forest where that sample originated has now been completely developed. The IUCN says one remaining cultivated population exists, so they』ve declared it 「extinct in the wild.」
砂仁砂仁—一種豆蔻的親戚，蘇門答臘的這種植物僅在1921年被科學採集一次，該樣品的起源森林現已完全發育。IUCN說，還有一個剩餘的耕種人口，因此他們宣布它「在野外滅絕了」。
Lost shark (Carcharhinus obsoletus)—This species makes its second annual appearance on this list. Scientists described this species in 2019 after examining decades-old specimens, noting that it hadn’t been observed since the 1930s. This year the IUCN added the species to the Red List and declared it 「critically endangered (possibly extinct).」
失落的鯊魚（Carcharhinus obsoletus） -該物種在該列表中第二次年度出現。科學家 在檢查了數十年前的標本後於2019年描述了該物種，並指出自1930年代以來從未發現過這種物種。今年，世界自然保護聯盟將該物種列入了紅色名錄，並宣布其「極度瀕危（可能已經滅絕）」。
Cora timucua—This lichen from Florida was just identified from historical collections through DNA barcoding. Unfortunately no new samples have been collected since the turn of the 19th century. The scientists who named the species this past December call it 「potentially extinct」 but suggest it be listed as critically endangered in case it still hangs on in remote parts of the highly developed state. They caution, however, that it hasn’t turned up in any recent surveys.
Cora timucua-來自佛羅裡達的地衣是通過DNA條形碼從歷史收藏中鑑定出來的。不幸的是，自19世紀初以來，沒有收集到任何新樣品。去年12月命名該物種的科學家稱其為「潛在滅絕」，但建議將其列為極度瀕危物種，以防萬一仍然懸在高度發達國家的偏遠地區。他們警告說，但是，最近的任何調查都沒有發現這一點。
Dama gazelle (Nanger dama) in Tunisia—This critically endangered species still hangs on in a few other countries, and in captivity, but the death of the last individual in Tunisia marked one more country in which the gazelle has now been extirpated and serves as a stark reminder to keep the rest from fading away.
突尼西亞的達馬瞪羚（Nanger dama） -這種極度瀕危的物種仍在其他一些國家和被圈養中繼續流傳，但突尼西亞最後一個人的死亡標誌著瞪羚現在已經滅絕並作為鮮明的提醒，以防止其餘的褪色。
A few months ago a group of scientists warned about the rise of 「extinction denial,」 an effort much like climate denial to mischaracterize the extinction crisis and suggest that human activity isn’t really having a damaging effect on ecosystems and the whole planet.
幾個月前，一群科學家警告了「滅絕物種」的興起，這種努力很像氣候否認運動，以錯誤地描述了滅絕危機， 並暗示人類活動實際上並沒有對生態系統和整個星球造成破壞性影響。
That damaging effect is, in reality, impossible to deny.
實際上，這種破壞作用是無法否認的。
This past year scientists and conservation organizations declared that a long list of species may have gone extinct, including dozens of frogs, orchids and fish. Most of these species haven’t been seen in decades, despite frequent and regular expeditions to find out if they still exist. The causes of these extinctions range from diseases to invasive species to habitat loss, but most boil down to human behavior.
去年，科學家和保護組織宣布，許多物種可能已經滅絕，包括數十種青蛙，蘭花和魚類。儘管經常進行定期的探險以查明它們是否仍然存在，但這些物種中的大多數都已經幾十年了。這些物種滅絕的原因從疾病到入侵物種再到生境喪失，但大多數歸結為人類行為。
Of course, proving a negative is always hard, and scientists are often cautious about declaring species truly lost. Do it too soon, they warn, and the last conservation efforts necessary to save a species could evaporate, a problem known as the Romeo and Juliet Effect. Because of that, and because many of these species live in hard-to-survey regions, many of the announcements this past year declared species possibly or probably lost, a sign that hope springs eternal.
當然，證明否定總是很困難的，科學家們常常對宣布物種真正滅絕持謹慎態度。他們警告說，做得太早了，保存物種所需的最後一次保護工作可能會煙消雲散，這就是羅密歐與朱麗葉效應。因此，由於其中許多物種生活在難以調查的地區，去年的許多公告宣布該物種可能或可能已經喪失，這標誌著希望永恆。
And there’s reason for that hope: When we devote energy and resources to saving species, it often works. A study published in 2019 found that conservation efforts have reduced bird extinction rates by 40 percent. Another recent paper found that conservation actions have prevented dozens of bird and mammal extinctions over just the past few decades. The new paper warns that many of the species remain critically endangered, or could still go extinct, but we can at least stop the bleeding.
這種希望的原因是：當我們將能量和資源用於拯救物種時，它通常會起作用。2019年發表的一項研究發現，保護工作已將鳥類滅絕率降低了40％。最近的另一篇論文發現，在過去的幾十年中，保護行動已阻止了數十種鳥類和哺乳動物的滅絕。這份新論文警告說，許多物種仍處於極度瀕臨滅絕的危險中，或仍可能滅絕，但我們至少可以阻止流血。
And sometimes we can do better than that. This year the IUCN—the organization that tracks the extinction risk of species around the world—announced several conservation victories, including the previously critically endangered Oaxaca treefrog (Sarcohyla celata), which is now considered 「near threatened」 due to protective actions taken by the people who live near it.
有時我們可以做得更好。今年，世界自然保護聯盟（IUCN）追蹤了世界各地物種的滅絕風險，該組織宣布了幾項保護勝利，包括先前極度瀕危的瓦哈卡樹蛙（Sarcohyla celata），由於該物種的保護性行動，現在被視為「近乎威脅」。住在附近的人。
「We can turn things around. We don’t just have to sit there and cry,」 says conservation scientist Stuart Pimm, founder of the organization Saving Nature.
「我們可以扭轉局面。我們不僅坐在那裡哭泣，」「拯救自然」組織的創始人保護科學家Stuart Pimm說。
But at the same time, we need to recognize what we』ve lost, or potentially lost. We can mourn them and vow to prevent as many others as possible from joining their ranks.
但同時，我們需要認識到我們已經失去或可能失去的東西。我們可以為他們哀悼，並發誓要阻止儘可能多的其他人加入他們的行列。
With that in mind, here are the species that scientists and the conservation community declared lost in 2020, culled from media reports, scientific papers, the IUCN Red List and my own reporting.
考慮到這一點，以下是科學家和保護界宣布在2020年消失的物種，這些物種是從媒體報導，科學論文，《自然保護聯盟紅色名錄》和我自己的報導中選出的。
32 orchid species in Bangladesh—One of the first papers of 2020 to report any extinctions announced the probable loss of 17 percent of Bangladesh’s 187 known orchid species. Some of these still exist in other countries, but even regional extinctions (or extirpations, as they’re called) tell us that we』ve taken a toll on our ecological habitats. A similar paper published just days later suggested that nine more orchid species from Madagascar may have also gone extinct.
孟加拉國的32個蘭花物種— 2020年第一篇報告有絕種現象的論文之一宣布，孟加拉國187種已知蘭花物種可能會損失17％。其中一些仍然存在於其他國家，但即使是區域滅絕（或稱滅絕）也告訴我們，我們已經對生態環境造成了損失。幾天後發表的類似論文表明，馬達加斯加的另外九種蘭花也可能已經滅絕。
Smooth handfish (Sympterichthys unipennis)—One of the few extinctions of 2020 that received much media attention, and it’s easy to see why. Handfish are an unusual group of species whose front fins look somewhat like human appendages, which they use to walk around the ocean floor. The smooth species, which hasn’t been seen since 1802, lived off the coast of Tasmania and was probably common when it was first collected by naturalists. Bottom fishing, pollution, habitat destruction, bycatch and other threats are all listed as among the probable reasons for its extinction. Even though the local fishery collapsed more than 50 years ago, the remaining handfish species are still critically endangered, so this extinction should serve as an important wake-up call to save them.
光滑的手魚（Sympterichthys unipennis） — 2020年為數不多的物種滅絕之一，受到了媒體的廣泛關注，並且很容易理解為什麼。手魚是一種不尋常的物種，其前鰭看上去有點像人類的附肢，它們用來在海床周圍行走。自1802年以來從未出現過這種光滑的物種，它生活在塔斯馬尼亞島的海岸上，很可能在博物學家首次收集時就很常見。底層捕魚，汙染，棲息地破壞，兼捕和其他威脅都被列為其滅絕的可能原因。即使當地的漁業在50多年前就崩潰了，但其餘的手魚物種仍然受到嚴重威脅，因此，這種滅絕應作為拯救它們的重要警鐘。
65 North American plants—This past year researchers set out to determine how many plants in the continental United States had been lost. They catalogued 65, including five small trees, eight shrubs, 37 perennial herbs and 15 annual herbs. Some of these had been reported before, but for most this is the first time they』ve been declared extinct. The list includes Marshallia grandiflora, a large flowing plant from the American Southeast that was declared its own species this past year. Too bad it was last seen in 1919 (and has been confused with other species for even longer).
65北美植物-去年，研究人員著手確定美國大陸損失了多少植物。他們對65種進行了分類，包括5棵小樹，8株灌木，37種多年生草本植物和15種一年生草本植物。其中一些已經被報導過了，但是對於大多數人來說，這是第一次被宣布滅絕。名單中包括大花Mar（ Marshallia grandiflora），這是一種來自美國東南部的大型流動植物，去年被宣布為自己的物種。太糟糕了，它最後一次出現是在1919年（並且與其他物種混淆的時間更長了）。
22 frog species—The IUCN this year declared nearly two dozen long-unseen Central and South American frog species as 「critically endangered (possibly extinct)」—victims of the amphibian-killing chytrid fungus. They include the Aragua robber frog (Pristimantis anotis), which hasn’t been observed in 46 years, and the Piango stubfoot toad (Atelopus pinangoi), which mostly disappeared in the 1980s. A single juvenile toad observed in 2008 leads scientists to say this species 「is either possibly extinct or if there is still an extant population, that it is very small (<50 mature individuals).」
22種青蛙物種—今年，世界自然保護聯盟（IUCN）宣布將近二十種長期未見的中美洲和南美青蛙物種稱為「極度瀕危（可能已滅絕）」 —殺死兩棲動物的乳糜菌的受害者。它們包括46年來未曾觀察到的Aragua強盜青蛙（Pristimantis anotis）和Piango頑固蟾蜍（Atelopus pinangoi），它們在1980年代大多消失了。在2008年觀察到的一隻幼蟾蜍使科學家們說，該物種「可能已經滅絕，或者如果仍然存在，則它很小（不到50個成熟個體）。」
Chiriqui harlequin frog (Atelopus chiriquiensis) and splendid poison frog (Oophaga speciosa)—Last seen in 1996 and 1992, these frogs from Costa Rica and Panama fell victim to the chytrid fungus and were declared extinct in December.
Chiriqui丑角蛙（Atelopus chiriquiensis）和出色的毒蛙（Oophaga speciosa） —最後一次見於1996年和1992年，這些來自哥斯大黎加和巴拿馬的青蛙受食糜菌感染，並於12月宣布滅絕。
15 percent of mite species—This requires a lot more research, but a paper published this past August announced 「evidence of widespread mite extinctions」 following similar disappearances of plants and vertebrates. Mites may not look or sound important, but they play key roles in their native ecosystems. If 15 percent of the world’s 1.25 million mite species were lost by the year 200, we’re talking tens to hundreds of thousands of extinctions—a number the researchers predict will continue to rise.
15％的蟎蟲物種-這需要進行大量研究，但去年八月發表的一篇論文宣布，「類似的植物和脊椎動物滅絕現象表明，蟎蟲廣泛滅絕」。蟎蟲看起來或聽起來並不重要，但它們在其原生生態系統中起著關鍵作用。如果到200年，全球125萬種蟎蟲物種中有15％消失，那麼我們正在說的是成千上萬的物種滅絕—研究人員預測，這一數字將繼續上升。
Simeulue Hill mynas—An alarming paper called this an 「extinction-in-process」 of a previously undescribed bird that probably went extinct in the wild in the past two to three years due to overcollection for the songbird trade. A few may still exist in captivity—for now.
Simeulue Hill mynas —令人震驚的論文稱這是一種先前沒有描述的鳥類的「進行中的滅絕」，由於鳴鳥交易的過度收集，這種鳥類可能在過去的兩到三年內在野外滅絕。目前，仍可能有一些人被囚禁。
17 freshwater fish from Lake Lanao, Mindanao, the Philippines—A combination of predatory invasive species, overharvesting and destructing fishing methods (such as dynamite fishing) wiped these lost species out. The IUCN this year listed 15 of the species as 「extinct」 following extensive searches and surveys; the remaining two as 「critically endangered (possibly extinct).」 The predators, by the way, are still doing just fine. Here are the 15 extinct species:
來自菲律賓棉蘭老島拉納奧湖的17條淡水魚-掠奪性入侵物種，過度捕撈和破壞性捕魚方法（如炸藥捕魚）的結合，將這些喪失的物種消滅了。經過廣泛的搜索和調查，IUCN今年將15個物種列為「滅絕」。其餘兩個被稱為「極度瀕危（可能已絕種）」。順便說一下，這些掠食者仍然表現良好。這是15個已滅絕的物種：
Barbodes disa—last seen in 1964.Barbodes truncatulus—last seen in 1973.Barbodes pachycheilus—last seen in 1964.Barbodes palaemophagus—last seen in 1975.Barbodes amarus—Last seen in 1982.Barbodes manalak—Once a commercially valuable fish, last seen in 1977.Barbodes clemensi—last seen in 1975.Barbodes flavifuscus—last seen in 1964.Barbodes katolo—last seen in 1977.Barbodes palata—last seen in 1964.Barbodes baoulan—last seen in 1991.Barbodes herrei—last seen in 1974, when just 40 pounds』 worth of fish were caught.Barbodes lanaoensis—last seen in 1964.Barbodes resimus—last seen in 1964.Barbodes tras—last seen in 1976.