Space

2021-02-15 SHSID|Times

Water had already been discovered on the Red Planet, but we only knew about water in the form of large ice caps locked at the poles. However, scientists at the European Space Agency have recently discovered strong evidence suggesting the existence of a large reservoir (20 miles long) of liquid water hidden 1.5 km below the surface that would be at least 1 m deep. It is still unknown how water can exist in liquid form in such low temperatures, but theories include high pressure and a large quantity of salts dissolved in the solution. Anyhow, this discovery increases the chances of discovering life, or at least evidence of previous life, on Mars.

02

One Star and Seven Earths

The TRAPPIST-1 system is home to one dwarf star and seven rocky planets. According to exoplanet scientist Simon Grimm, the planets are all very earth-like—they have a solid core and are each surrounded by an atmosphere. His team has also discovered that the planet TRAPPIST-1e is the most similar to Earth regarding radius, mass, and energy received from the star. Even more extraordinarily, NASA discovered that at best six planets were in the habitable zone (Goldilocks zone) of the star, which means that liquid water can remain on the surface of the planet. Some estimates even suggest that up to 5% of the mass of some planets are liquid water (Earth is only 0.02% liquid water). The James Webb Telescope is currently exploring and sending more data regarding this spectacular system; perhaps we would soon find life just 40 light-years away from Earth.

03

First Look at a Black Hole

Theoretically, no light can escape a black hole due to its immense gravity, so by nature, a black hole cannot be seen. The first picture of a black hole (the center of Messier 87) was released earlier this year, showcasing a bright ring of hot material encircling a dark shadow. This revolutionary image is the result of a collaboration of eight telescopes around the world, tuned to many different wavelengths. This is a major step in understanding the mysteries about black holes, as many questions are yet to be answered. These include the distortion of time and space near black holes, and the question:

When mass disappears in a black hole, where does the energy go?

「Black Hole Image Makes History.」 NASA. April 10, 2019. Web. July 17, 2019. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7372

Molinari, Brian. 「10 Amazing and Little Known Space Discoveries of 2018.」 Listverse. Jan. 1, 2019. Web. July 16, 2019. https://listverse.com/2019/01/01/10-amazing-and-little-known-space-discoveries-of-2018/

Redd, Nola T. 「TRAPPIST-1 Worlds Are Rocky and Rich in Water, New Research Uncovers.」 space.com. Sept. 5, 2018. Web. July 17, 2019. https://www.space.com/41714-water-rich-exoplanets-trappist-1-system.html

Written by: Emily Jiang

Designed by: SooJi Lee

Photos from: unsplash.com, Bing, Google Images

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