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過去完成時和過去完成進行時是在考試中屬於經常會考到的考點，今天小編給大家系統的介紹一下這兩個重要考點。
過去完成式
過去完成式的形式如下：
had + past participle
過去完成式是不能單獨用的。我們用的時候，必須有另一個事件。也就是說，假如我們有兩件事 A 和 B，兩件事都發生在過去，但 A 發生在 B 以前，A 應該用過去完成式，B 則用過去式。以下是幾個例子：
（1） 他到臺灣以前，曾學過中文。
He had studied Chinese before he came to Taiwan.
（2） 他念大學以前，曾前工作過。
He had worked before he decided to go to college.
（3） 我寫這篇有關愛爾蘭的小說以前，曾去過愛爾蘭。
I had been to Ireland before I wrote this book about Ireland's people.
（4） 我在上大學以前，已經學過微積分。
I had studied calculus before I got into college.
（5） 周一以前，已經下過雪了。
It had already snowed before Monday.
如果我們要強調較早發生事件的連續性，我們可以用過去完成進行式。佔去完成進行式和現在進行式惟一不同的地方是 verb to have 的地方一定要用had 。以下是一些過去完成進行式的例子：
1. I had been watching TV before you called me.
2. I had been working hard in a company for many years before I went to college.
3. He had been studying before he went to class.
4. He had been driving all day before he went to sleep.
過去完成時
1） 概念：表示過去的過去
----|--||---->其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時；發生在後，用一般過去時。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
過去完成進行時
形式：
I （or You，He，John，They，Those men） had been studying．
770 過去完成進行時與過去完成時的用法很相近，它通常表示一個持續到過去某時的動作：
He had been waiting for two weeks． He was still waiting．（有一個表示一段時間的狀語）
Up to that time he had been translating those books．（He was still translating at 「that time」．）
He had been writing the letter till two o'clock．
He was now thirty years old．He had been gambling since he was ten．（He was still gambling at thirty．）
He had been standing there in the sun．（沒有時間狀語）
He had been thinking about his marriage．
不過這個時態並不一定表示這個過去動作將持續下去：
He came back at seven．He had been waiting for her two hours．（At seven he did not wait any more．）
He stopped swimming．He had been swimming for the last three hours．
另一方面，這個時態也和現在完成進行時一樣，也可有一些特別的含義：
1）尚未完成：
He had been writing the novel．（He had not finished it yet．）
2）企圖：
He had been studying the meaning of this proverb．（He was trying to study it．）
3）未得結果：
We had been studying what our enemy had said．（But we were not able to understand it．）
4）最近情況：
He had been quarrelling with his wife．（lately）
5）反覆動作：
He had been asking me the same question．（Many times）
6）情緒：
What had he been doing？（不耐煩）
這個時態很少用在否定句中，而多以過去完成時代替：
He had not practised English for many years．（普通說法）
He had not been practising English for many years．（少見）
這個時態還可用在said，supposed等引起的間接引語中，代替現在完成進行時：
He said，「I have been speaking to John．」＝ He said that he had been speaking to John．
He thought，「She was watching me when I passed．」＝ He thought that she had been watching him when he had passed．
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