一、基本句型
所謂基本句型就是分局結構的幾種基本「格局」, 也就是句子結構的雛形,這些雛形是千變萬化的。
現代英語的基本句型主要五種
現代英語的基本句型主要有五種。
一 . 主動補(SVC)結構
在SVC結構中,謂語動詞通常是連繫動詞(Linking Verb)
That car is mine.
She is in good health.
These flowers smell fragrant。
二 . 主動(SV) 結構
在SV結構中,謂語動詞通常是不及物動詞(Intransitive Verb)
Everybody laughed.
The guests have arrived.
Prices are going down.
三 . 主動賓(SVO)結構
在SVO結構中,謂語動詞通常是及物動詞(Transitive Verb),隨後須跟賓語,帶一個賓語的及物動詞又叫做「單賓語及物動詞」(Monotransitive Verb)
I want a return ticket.
Nobody could answer the question.
The train is building up speed.
四 . 主動賓賓(SVoO) 結構
在SVoO結構中,及物動詞之後須跟兩個賓語,直接賓語和直接賓語,這種動詞又叫「雙賓語及物動詞「(Ditransitive Verb)
I sent him a book.
Mary lent me her car.
David showed me the way.
五 . 主動賓補(SVOC) 結構
在SVOC結構中,及物動詞之後須跟賓語和賓語補語,這種動詞又叫「複雜賓語及動物詞」(Complex Transitive Verb)
We made him our spokesman.
They elected him president.
He pronounced himself in favour of the plan.
二、基本句型的轉換與擴大
基本句型都是陳述句、肯定句和主動句,這些句型可以轉換為疑問句、否定句和被動句。
The tourists have arrived----Have the tourists arrived?----The tourists have not arrived.
1.句型擴大的另一語法手段是增加修飾成分和使用從屬分句。
The African people have (long) been our (close) friends (in fighting against hegemonism and power politics).
2. 分局的並列與從屬還可同時並用。
Not only didi he dislike the way we spoke, but he also disapproved of the way we dressed.
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