四級考試完形填空對名詞的考查主要集中在三個方面:含有名詞的固定搭配；形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析；特定語境下名詞的選擇。
一、含有名詞的固定搭配
四級完形填空經常出現的考點之一便是對固定搭配的考查,例如:動詞詞組、介詞詞組和名詞詞組。在上述三類詞組中,會出現交叉測試現象,即對同一詞組的考查,有時側重名詞,有時則側重介詞等。考生需具備深厚紮實的基礎知識,注意在平時練習中對常見詞組進行積累,例如:beyondone’s means(不能用measure,也不能用method,更不能用approach)；by mistake (這個短語就不能說成byerror或者by fault)；in the long run (而不是period, interval或time)等等。
Sleep Smartrecords the distinct pattern of brain waves produced during each phase of sleep,via a head-band equipped with electrodes (電極) and a microprocessor. Thismeasures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the same way assome machines used for medical and research , and communicates wirelessly with aclock unit near the bed. You program the clock with the latest time at which youwant to be wakened, and it then duly (適時地) wakes you during the last light sleepphase before that.
A) findings B) prospectsC) proposals D) purposes
(2006年6月,CET-4)
[解析]此題是對名詞的考查。固定搭配for ... purpose表示 "被用於……目的"。此句句意為:它測量被測試者腦電活動,其方式如同一些機器被用於醫療和研究一樣。正確選項應為D)。含有名詞的固定搭配在完形填空的測試中雖對考生對文章整體的把握要求較低,但對考生掌握英語固定搭配短語的質和量都提出了很高的要求,這也是對四級舊題型詞彙和語法部分的沿襲和延伸。
二、形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析
形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析是對四級舊題型詞彙和語法部分的另一類沿襲和延伸,它在要求考生對所給四個名詞做出確切中文解釋的同時,也要求考生對其細微差異做出準確判定。名詞常在用途和數量上有所區分。例如:英語中的license(執照,許可證) 和certificate(證書,證明),前者是許可某人從事某種職業的證書,而後者則是證明某人有能力或者曾經做過某事的證書,還有:incident (有歷史意義的事件,插曲),event(重大事件,體育比賽的賽事),affair (時事,要事),emergency(緊急事件)。數量標準是考(試大區分英語名詞的關鍵,因為名詞最大的特點就在於其可數與不可數、單數與複數的劃分。例如:work不可數意義是工作,變成複數works則指作品,也可用來指工廠。所以,在平時練習中,考生應培養進一步查閱單詞英文解釋的習慣,並了解單詞背後的文化蘊涵,捕獲名詞近義詞之間的微妙差異。
Formost of the refugees, the thought of going back brings mixed emotions. The pastsix months have been difficult. Families of as many as 10 people have had toshelter under a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing 1 with neighbors."They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,"officials say."They are dreaming of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds andstart farming again."But most will be returning to nothing but heaps of ruins.In many villages, electrical lines have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aidworkers estimate that it will take years to re-build what the earthquake tookaway. And for the thousands of survivors, the 2 will never be complete.
1.A) facilities B) instruments C) implements D) appliances
2. A)reservation B) retreat C) replacement D)recovery
(2007年6月,CET-4)[解析]1題屬於完形填空中義近形異名詞的辨析,亦即俗稱的名詞近義詞的辨析。給定的四個名詞都含 "工具,器械"的意思,但按照名詞的用途,很容易區分它們的異同。instrument指"用於精細工作或科學技術的工具"；implement指"在工作中任何有用或必需的器械",尤指"較簡單的農田或園藝工具"；appliance特指"家用電器"；facility 常用作複數形式表示"設施"。故得出正確選項A),bathingfacilities,洗澡設施。此外,表示"設施,工具"的其他近義詞還有:equipment (軍用裝備,野營用具) ,apparatus (一整套相連的設施),device(專門用途的設施)等。
2題屬於完形填空中形近義異名詞的辨析。四個詞含義分別為:reservation "保留"；retreat"退卻,退避"；replacement"取代,代替"；re-covery"恢復"。由句意:對於成千上萬的倖存者,是不可能完全徹底地從這場地震中恢復的,得出正確選項D)。
三、特定語境下名詞的選擇
四級完形填空對名詞的考查不僅僅定位於名詞的固定搭配和辨析,更多考查的是特定語境下名詞的選擇,這也是完形填空的特點所在。考生解答此類問題的關鍵便是理解名詞所在的上下文的語篇含義。例如:Anearthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75,000 lives, injured130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. Almostovernight, scores of tent villages bloomed across the re-gion, tended byinternational aid organizations, military and aid groups working day and nightto shelter the survivors before winter set in. A) ranks B) equipment C)personnel D) installations(2007年6月,CET-4)[解析]此題目是對特殊語境下名詞選擇的考查。先確定四個給定名詞的含義:rank"軍銜,軍階"；equipment"設備"；personnel"人員,職員"；installation"安裝,設置"。再根據句意:軍隊人員幫助照顧受災民眾,得出正確選項C)。
Try out
Directions:
In this section, there are 4 blanks in thefollowing passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A),B),C) andD).You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.
Wise buyingis a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 1 you goabout purchasing an article or a service can actually save you money or can addto the cost. Take the simple example of a hairdryer. If you are buying ahairdryer, you might think that you are making the best buy if you choose onewhose look you like and which is also the cheapest in price. But when you get ithome you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive model to dryyour hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could wellmake your hairdryer the most expensive one of all. So what principles should youadopt when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuablepossession in excellent condition, you』ll be saving money in the long 2 . Beforeyou buy a new 3 , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow itto check if it suits your particular 4 . Before you buy an expensive item, or aservice, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose from threeitems or three estimates.
1. A) form B) way C) method D) fashion
2.A) interval B) periodC) run D) time
3. A) equipment B) appliance C)utility D) facility
4. A) goal B) task C) function D)purpose
(2005年1月,CET-4)