1. able, capable, competent
able為常用詞,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知識與時間等,一般下效率無關,用作定語表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark.
capable 指滿足一般要求的能力,可以是表現出來的,也可是潛在的,搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定語,表示的能力沒有able表示的能力強。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. He is a very capable doctor.
competent 指「勝任」,「合格」,或受過專業技術等訓練的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases.
2. aboard, abroad, board, broad
aboard 在船(或飛機,車)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.
abroad 副詞,在國外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.
board 為動詞,上(船,飛機,車)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.
broad 為形容詞,寬廣的。如:He has very broad shoulders.
3. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain
accomplish表成功,強調完成的結果而不是過程。如:Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由於他的努力,事情都已完成了。)
complete 表示積極的完成,更具體地指建築、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小說寫完了嗎?)
finish 最常用,後接動詞的-ing形式,表示在一個活動的連續過程中完成了最後的一步或階段。如:I』ll finish the job alone. (我要獨自完成這項工作。)
achieve 完成,實現,強調通過努力而達到目的。如:You will achieve success if youwork hard.
Attain達到,實現,常用於一般人的能力不易達到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.
4. accurate, correct, exact, precise
accurate準確的,精確的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火車站的鐘應該是準確的。)
correct「正確的」,指符合一定的標準或準則,含有「無錯誤的」意味。它的反義詞是incorrect, wrong.
exact「精確的」,「恰好的」,比「大體上正確」更進一步,表「絲毫不差」。它的反義詞是inexact。
precise強調「精確」,「精密」。
5. accuse, charge, sue
accuse 指責,指控,常與of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.
charge 常與with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.
sue 常與for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.
6. achieve, acquire, require, inquire
achieve(成功地)完成,實現。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作,將會一事無成。)
acquire取得,獲得,學到。如:acquire knowledge (獲得知識)
inquire打聽,詢問。如:inquire a person’s name(問一個人的姓名)
require需要。如:We require more help. (我們需要更多的幫助。)
7. act, action, deed
act 用作名詞時,與action, deed均可表「行為」,「舉動」。Act指時間較短的個人行動或行為,強調結果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (農夫在孩子們正偷他的蘋果時把他們抓住了。)
action較正式,往往指不止包含一個步驟,且持續時間較長的行為或行動,強調行為的過程。如:Actions are more important than words. (行動比語言更重要。)
deed為正式用語,多指偉大的,顯著的,感人的行為。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他們感謝他做的好事。)
8. actual, true, real, genuine
actual 意為「實際的」,「現實的」,指所形容的事物在事實上已經發生或存在,而不是僅在理論上可能發生或存在的。
true「真實的」,指與實際相符,而非虛假。
genuine 「真的」,「非冒充的」,「貨真價實的」,強調正宗而非冒牌。
9. adequate, enough, sufficient
adequate 足夠的,指數量多,適合需要的數量。
enough足夠的,指數量多,足夠滿足某種目的或願望。
sufficient同enough,常可互換使用。但sufficient指數量多,足夠滿足某種需要,在口語中常用enough,在書面語中常用sufficient,在不易肯定時多用enough。.
Enough可放在被修飾名詞後,且可作副詞,sufficient則不可這麼用。
10. admit, confess
兩者都表「承認」。
admit指大膽地承認以前試圖不論或推諉的壞事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window. (約翰已承認打破了窗玻璃。)
confess常指承認錯誤,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承認了罪行。)
更多精彩內容 >> 新東方網英語頻道
全國新東方英語課程搜索
(編輯:何瑩瑩)