1 詞彙選取四大原則
在正式進入換詞大法69招的學習之前,我們先來了解一下書面表達詞彙選取應遵循的四大原則:1. 難詞優先only--->merelyenough--->adequate2. 短語優先join--->take part inuse--->make good use of3 . 具體詞優先a good teacher-->a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacherlearn--->pick up(偶然學會)/ master(掌握)I am good at English.--->I won the second prize in the English speech competition.4. 大綱詞彙衍生詞優先He must be a doctor.--->He is undoubtedly a doctor.He is very tall.--->He is surprisingly tall.
2 經典換詞大法69招為了方便同學們記憶,小編已經分類整理出五大專題,評價事件/描述個人/行為動作/邏輯關係/語法關係通通都有。
Tips: 標紅色的最為常用,需要優先、重點記憶專題一:評價一件事1. 好的 good優秀的 outstanding,perfect,brilliant,remarkable,distinguished,excellent教育性的,啟發性的 instructive,educational,enlightening建設性的,有益的 constructive,helpful,valuable,useful有意義的 meaningful2. 極好的,驚人的 great,surprising難以置信的,驚人的,令人震驚的 fantastic,incredible,unusual,unbelievable,exceptional,extraordinary,marvelous,notable,noteworthy,striking,amazing,shocking,astonishing3. 壞的bad糟糕的terrible不理想的undesirable不令人滿意的unsatisfactory4. 無趣味的,無聊的 uninteresting令人厭倦的 boring,dull,annoying
5. 難於理解的 difficult to understand抽象的,深奧的 abstract複雜的 complicated,complex費解的 mysterious,incomprehensible,unintelligible混雜的,不清楚的,迷惑的 confused,bewildered,perplexed6. 好處 good side= 好處,優點 advantage,merit,benefit7. 壞處 bad side=壞處,缺點 disadvantage,defect,drawback,deficiency8. 必要的 necessary= 必要的,不可缺少的 indispensable,essential
9. 很大 very big= 巨大的 tremendous,immense,huge,gigantic,giant,enormous10. 很多 many=不計其數的 countless,endless,unlimited,innumerable,immeasurable,incalculable,numberless,numerous11. 增長 grow=提高 improve,increase,enhance,raise,12. 越來越(多)1)more and more+n. → students in growing numbers2)more and more +adj→ increasingly important
13. 很難difficult= 有挑戰性的challenging14. 很重要important= 至關重要的vital,significant15. adj.=of+n.important → of great importance different → of great differencebeautiful → of amazing beauty wise → of outstanding wisdomuseful → of great use16. 特殊的,特別的 special=具體的,明確的 concrete,specific,particular,definite
17. 和……有關 be related to= 與……相聯繫 be connected with,be linked to,be relevant to,have something to do with18. 註定 it is decided that...= 註定 be doomed to,be destined to19. 樂趣 fun=娛樂,樂趣 entertainment,amusement專題二:描述一個人
20. 朋友 friend熟人 acquaintance夥伴 associate,companion密友,知己 intimate,confidant
21. 勤奮的hardworking=勤奮的,勤勉的 diligent,studious,industrious22. 堅決的 decided adj=堅持不懈的 perseverant,persistent,relentless不屈服的 unyielding堅持的 insistent有決心的 determined,resolute,resolved堅決的 firm23. 聰明的 clever=聰明的,有才智的 intelligent,bright,wise,brilliant24. 誠實的 honest真誠的,誠實的,正直的 sincere,truthful,genuine,upright
25. 美麗的 beautiful,pretty迷人的,吸引人的 enchanting,charming,appealing,fascinating,attractive26. 累的 tired=精疲力盡的 exhausted,worn-out27. 開心的Happy →joyful / delighted28. 不開心的 sad=沮喪的,失意的 frustrated,discouraged,depressed,downhearted,disheartened,low-spirited
29. 擔心的 be/feel worried=憂慮的,不安的 anxious,uneasy,troubled,concerned,restless30. 失業的 out of work= 失業的 unemployed,jobless31. 進步 progress= 進步,成就,成績 advancement,achievement,accomplishment,fulfilment32. 遇到(事) meet= 碰到,遇到 come across,meet with,confront
33. we =We high school studentsWe teenagersWe ChineseWe Chinese young generation
專題三:描述各種行為
34. 使用 use = make good use of35. 學習 learn =pick up (偶然或輕鬆學到) master(掌握)36. 適應 be used to=適應 be adapted to,be accustomed to,be adjusted to
37. 參加 join, enter= 參與 participate in,attend,take part in,go in for38. 注意 pay one’s attention to= 集中精力於 focus on,center on,concentrate on 專心於 set one’s mind on39. 考慮 think about sth/consider sth=take into account +sthtake into consideration +sth【例】take into consideration other people\\\\'s opinion.40. 做 do = 開展,實施,做 practice,carry out,perform利用好時間精力去做make good use of your time and effort to do完全有理由去做have every reason to do忍不住做can\\\\'t help doing
41. 能夠做 can do sth = will do sthbe able to do sthbe capable of doing sth42. 完成 finish= 實現,完成 achieve,accomplish,fulfill,complete43. 花時間做 spend time doing sth= 抽出時間做set aside time to do sth,put aside time to do sth,spare time to do sth44. 盡力做 try to,work hard= 努力做,盡力做 attempt to,make efforts to,endeavor to,manage to do
45. 決定做 decide to do=決心做 be determined to do,make up one’s mind to do46. 想要做 want to = 等不及,渴望 tend/intend to do sthbe longing for doing sth.be thirsty for doing sthlook forward to doing sthcan\\\\'t wait to do sthdesire to do have the desire to do/for sth
47. 喜歡做like =love enjoy prefer...be fond of + 物be crazy aboutI appreciate your sense of humour.
48. 應該做 should do=Had better doBe supposed to do Why not doIf I were you,
I would doIt is beneficial/helpful/meaningful for you to do Doing sth is another possible choice for you.Close attention should be paid to that…
49. 有機會做 have a chance to/of=有機會的 stand a chance of,have an opportunity to50. 重視value = 珍愛,珍惜,重視 cherish,treasure,have a high opinion of51. 把……看作,當作 see…as= 把……看作,當作 regard as,consider as,look on…as,treat…as,view…as52. 解釋 explain= 解釋 account for,illustrate,clarify
53. 想 think= 想出,想到 sb come up with,sth/it cross one’s mind,sth/it occur to somebody54. 認為 think = guessharbor the idea that...take the attitude that...hold the view that...55. 相信 believe = sb insist on sth 堅持(某種觀點)sb insist that... 堅持做某事be sure that56. 需要 need = 需要 call for,require,demand
57. 知道 know = 熟悉,知道 be acquainted with,be familiar with,be informed of58. 我們都知道 we all know =It is widely shared that...It is universally acknowledged that...59. 意識到 realize=意識到 become/be aware of,become/be conscious of
專題四:各種邏輯關係詞
60. not = by no means ,at no time
61. 因為because= ...,for... ...,considering that...62. 所以so= , as a result,... ....therefore,... ...consequently,...63. 儘管although= ...admitting that,...64. 因為 because of= 因為 due to,owing to,thanks to
65. 反覆again and again=重複地 repeatedly,over and over,time and time again66. 最後 finally,at last= 遲早,最終 eventually,sooner or later,ultimately67. 在我看來 In my opinion= 在我看來,就我而言 in my view,in my belief,as far as I can see,in my mind,as far as I am concerned68. 事實上 in fact=事實上 in reality,in effect,as a matter of fact,practically,virtually,actually
69. 如果 if= 只要as long as...
提升英語作文的表達,就用這兩招!
高級句型和高級詞彙在英語寫作中會讓老師有眼前一亮的感覺,但在實際考試中,很多同學的表達都大同小異,這樣就很難得高分了,今天分享兩個技巧,棄舊迎新,同義替換,簡單2個方法,讓你收穫高級表達。
第1招 棄舊迎新——與眾不同
一篇好的文章需要幾個好的句子支撐,而一個好的句子則會以好詞而出彩。在保證句子正確的基礎上,我們要認真提煉和打造「高級」詞彙,提升句子質量,從而提升整篇文章的形象。1.1 棄舊迎新——與眾不同面對同樣要求的文章,在寫作內容相似的情況下,如若不在語言上進行認真推敲,則很容易人云亦云,陷入千篇一律的境地,給閱卷人造成平庸的感覺。因此,在寫作操練中,在表達上儘量避開常見的方式,尤其是避開與漢語提示中直接對應的詞語,也就是獨闢蹊徑,使用大多數人沒有使用到的詞語。譬如:
(1) 班長得到了這個榮譽,我們應該向她學習。The monitor deserves the honor and we should learn from her.deserve 原意為「應受,值得」,用在此處突出了「應該得到而且受之無愧」,比用常用詞get更加貼切形象,給人以不一樣的感覺。(2) 我認為爬山是一件令人愉快的事情。In my opinion, climbing mountain is an enjoyable thing.enjoyable常用作形容詞,意為「令人愉快的」;用在此處,比常用的interesting 新穎多了,體現了用詞的準確性這一特點。
1.2 改頭換面——新穎別致在寫作中靈活使用通過構詞法變化而來的詞語,如派生詞、轉化詞、合成詞現在分詞和過去分詞等一些給人嶄新形式的表達形式。這些新詞不僅在詞形、詞性上有了變化,有時在語法結構上也會發生相應的變化,符合語法結構的多樣性要求,使人另眼相看。如:
(1)傑克雖然落在後面,覺得很尷尬,但還是繼續跑,直到到達終點線。Though he was left behind and feeling awkward, Jack kept on running until he reached the finishing line. 改成:Though left behind and feeling awkward, Jack kept on running until he reached the finishing line. 改寫後句子中的left為過去分詞做狀語,屬於「恰當使用較高級詞彙和較複雜的語法結構」的典範。
(2)很多專家參加了這次會議,其中大多數來自美國。Many experts took part in the conference, and most of them came from the United States.改為:Many experts attended the conference, most of whom were from the United States. 改後的句子中用attended取代了took part in,短語顯得更規範、地道;用most of whom were from 代替and most of them came from語法結構更加高級,更加吸引人。就整體而言,後者顯得更引人注目。
(3)我們想給他一個驚喜,所以請不要告訴別人。We want to surprise him, so please don't tell others about it. 改為:We want to give him a surprise, so please keep quiet about it.改後的句子用短語give sb. a surprise 代替了原來的動詞surprise;而用keep quiet about替代了not tell sb. about。改後的句子語言上更高雅、更具英語化。
第2招 同義替換,異曲同工
英語寫作中除了表示強調或為了避免意義的含糊外,在一個句子或段落中應避免使用相同的詞。我們可採用省略、替代或更換表達方式等手段來避免重複,增加用詞的數量同時又體現了句子的多樣性。譬如:
2.1 使用省略、替代(1)我將盡我的最大努力去幫助你。
① I will do my best to help you.② I will do all I can to help you.①句中的do one’s best to do「盡力做某事」②句中do all (that) I can (do) to 是一個省略了的定語從句,意思上與①句相同,但結構上比①句複雜新穎,令人耳目一新。
(2)這本詞典非常有用,我過去經常使用的那本詞典丟了,我準備再買一本詞典。
① This dictionary is very useful. The dictionary I used to use is lost. I'm going to buy another dictionary.② This dictionary is very useful. The one I used to use is lost. I'm going to buy another one.① 句中dictionary出現三次,給人以表達乏味、詞彙量匱乏的印象。而②句子中則使用了替代詞the one, another one分別來表示the dictionary和another dictionary,② 句表達方式新穎,手法靈活,令人眼前一亮。
2.2 使用同義詞語利用同義詞語也是避免重複的一個重要手段。同義詞是一個比較寬泛的概念,它包括同義詞、近義詞以及派生詞等。
有時甚至還會用反義詞——雙重否定句式來替代那些千人一面的表達,做到別開生面,給閱卷老師一個驚喜。
(1) 我意識到在現實和夢想之間常常有差距。I realize that there is usually a difference between one’s dream and reality. 改為:I am aware of the fact that there is usually a difference between one’s dream and reality.
(2) 聽到這個消息後,沒有一個人不感到驚奇Having heard the news, everybody felt surprised. 改為:There was nobody who did not feel surprised.
(1)句中用be aware of the fact 代替realize。(2)句中用nobody …not 代替everybody。以上同義詞語的使用,讓平庸的句子頓時有了生機,語言清新、生動,值得模仿學習。有時,有些單詞若改為約定俗成的短語或習語等,可減少漢語式的英語,使句子在表達上頗具「洋味」。
在用詞準確、得體的基礎上,我們應該儘量使用地道、高級詞彙,常見詞的較高級用法或使用代替詞等。
設法讓文章看起來與眾不同,這樣才能寫出一篇「語」眾不同的文章,即能充分展示駕馭語言的能力,又能在高考這樣一個重要的時刻得到高分。
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