新東方Lynn:2013.12六級選詞填空和長篇閱讀解析

　　2013年12月的六級考試是改革後第一次考試。對於認真準備本次考試的同學們來說，現在考試前面對未知的緊張感應該已經褪去，取而代之的是對考試成績的希冀。下面僅以目前可見的其中一套真題對本次閱讀選詞填空和長篇閱讀的題目進行簡要分析，希望對今後同學們的備考有所幫助。
　　先來看看選詞填空。本套試卷的選詞填空選取了一篇教育話題的文章。教育話題屬於高頻話題。文章分析了讓家庭成員在家中只說英語的一種第二語言學習方法及其依據和漏洞，表達了對該方法的質疑，論證了該方法的錯誤之處。作為整個閱讀考試的第一部分，選詞填空難度中等，基本與原四級選詞填空難度一致。涉及的單詞和搭配也大都是課堂上反覆強調過的常考詞彙，如表示"源自於"的"stem from"，表示"壓倒性的"的"overwhelming" (stem from與come from，stem from，originate from同義，overwhelmed"不知所措的"，見強化班"選詞填空單詞精讀")，表示"資產，財產"的"asset"（課堂上對常考表示"所有物，財產"含義的單詞做過總結，包括asset，property，belonging，possession等）。當然，每次考試都有3個左右的難詞，比如本次考試的"deviate"（脫離常軌），"simultaneously"（同時地），"successively"（接連地），可能對於單詞量較貧乏的考生有較大幹擾。15個單詞中，考到名詞3個，動詞5個，形容詞4個，副詞3個，其中有不少詞彙是多詞性詞義的，提醒今後的考生備考要更加注意對單詞詞性、搭配的掌握。考到的常見詞性搭配有adj.+ n. , v.+ prep. , adv.+ adj., v.+ adj., art.+ n., 考到的語法現象有被動句，be動詞用法等。選詞填空考場上的目標分值是4道題過線，6道題優秀，相信按照上課說的先判斷詞性再判斷詞義的步驟，結合單詞搭配和語法知識，同學們應該可以比較輕鬆完成考試目標分值。
　　原題如下：
　　Quite often, educators tell families of children who are learning English as a second language to speak only English, and not their native language, at home. Although these educators may have good  (36)  , their advice to families is misguided, and it  (37)  from misunderstandings about the process of language acquisition. Educators may fear that children hearing two languages will become  (38)  confused and thus their language development will be  (39)  ; this concern is not documented in the literature. Children are capable of learning more than one language, whether  (40)  or sequentially(依次地). In fact, most children outside of the United States are expected to become bilingual or even, in many cases, multilingual. Globally, knowing more than one language is viewed as an  (41)  and even a necessity in many areas.
　　It is also of concern that the misguided advice that students should speak only English is given primarily to poor families with limited educational opportunities, not to wealthier families who have many educational advantages. Since children from poor families often are  (42)  as at-risk for academic failure, teachers believe that advising families to speak English only is appropriate. Teachers consider learning two languages to be too  (43)  for children from poor families, believing that the children are already burdened by their home situations.
　　If families do not know English or have limited English skills themselves, how can they communicate in English? Advising non-English-speaking families to speak only English is  (44)  to telling them not to communicate with or interact with their children. Moreover, the (45)  message is that the family's native language is not important or valued.

　　參考答案：FLIBK  AEHDN
　　再來看長篇閱讀，即本次考試閱讀新題型--信息匹配題。全文共11個段落，段落數中等偏少，給同學們定位信息帶來了便利，但是由於後面的題目同義改寫較多，信息量大且複雜，所以增加了題目的難度。這篇文章出自經濟學人出版集團旗下的Intelligent Life雙月刊雜誌。文章來自2012年最後一期雜誌，文章觀點新穎，講述困難對於人在音樂、詩歌等領域取得成功起到的積極作用。全文較簡單的題目還是我們課堂上說的具有"顯性關鍵詞"的題目，像47題的長難詞"old-fashioned"在原文C段第三句復現，直接確定答案；55題140個字文章出現數字，都是比較容易的。而難題也是像考前分析的一樣，為多同義改寫和定位詞在文章中較為分散的題目。這篇文章同學們考場上應該至少有7分的基本分是一定可以拿到的，對於分數要求高的同學，要答對剩下的幾道難題需要一定語言功底。
　　原文出處：http://moreintelligentlife.com/content/ideas/ian-leslie/uses-difficulty
　　原題如下：
　　The Uses of Difficulty
　　The brain likes a challenge-and putting a few obstacles in its way may well boost its creativity.
　　A)  Jack White, the former frontman of the White Stripes and an influential figure among fellow musicians, likes to make things difficult for himself. He uses cheap guitars that won't stay in shape or in tune. When performing, he positions his instruments in a way that is deliberately inconvenient, so that switching from guitar to organ mid-song involves a mad dash across the stage. Why? Because he's on the run from what he describes as a disease that preys on every artist: "ease of use". When making music gets too easy, says White, it becomes harder to make it sing.
　　B)  It's an odd thought. Why would anyone make their work more difficult than it already is? Yet we know that difficulty can pay unexpected dividends. In 1966, soon after the Beatles had finished work on "Rubber Soul", Paul McCartney looked into the possibility of going to America to record their next album. The equipment in American studios was more advanced than anything in Britain, which had led the Beatles' great rivals, the Rolling Stones, to make their latest album, "Aftermath", in Los Angeles. McCartney found that EMI's contractual clauses made it prohibitively expensive to follow suit, and the Beatles had to make do with the primitive technology of Abbey Road.
　　C)  Lucky for us. Over the next two years they made their most groundbreaking work, turning the recording studio into a magical instrument of its own. Precisely because they were working with old-fashioned machines, George Martin and his team of engineers were forced to apply every ounce of their ingenuity to solve the problems posed to them by Lennon and McCartney. Songs like "Tomorrow Never Knows", "Strawberry Fields Forever", and "A Day in the Life" featured revolutionary aural effects that dazzled and mystified Martin's American counterparts.
　　D)  Sometimes it's only when a difficulty is removed that we realise what it was doing for us. For more than two decades, starting in the 1960s, the poet Ted Hughes sat on the judging panel of an annual poetry competition for British schoolchildren. During the 1980s he noticed an increasing number of long poems among the submissions, with some running to 70 or 80 pages. These poems were verbally inventive and fluent, but also "strangely boring". After making inquiries Hughes discovered that they were being composed on computers, then just finding their way into British homes.
　　E)  You might have thought any tool which enables a writer to get words on to the page would be an advantage. But there may be a cost to such facility. In an interview with the Paris Review Hughes speculated that when a person puts pen to paper, "you meet the terrible resistance of what happened your first year at it, when you couldn't write at all". As the brain attempts to force the unsteady hand to do its bidding, the tension between the two results in a more compressed, psychologically denser expression. Remove that resistance and you are more likely to produce a 70-page ramble(不找邊際的長篇大論).
　　F)  Our brains respond better to difficulty than we imagine. In schools, teachers and pupils alike often assume that if a concept has been easy to learn, then the lesson has been successful. But numerous studies have now found that when classroom material is made harder to absorb, pupils retain more of it over the long term, and understand it on a deeper level. Robert Bjork, of the University of California, coined the phrase "desirable difficulties" to describe the counter-intuitive notion that learning should be made harder by, for instance, spacing sessions further apart so that students have to make more effort to recall what they learnt last time. Psychologists at Princeton found that students remembered reading material better when it was printed in an ugly font.
　　G)  As a poet, Ted Hughes had an acute sensitivity to the way in which constraints on self-expression, like the disciplines of metre and rhyme, spur creative thought. What applies to poets and musicians also applies to our daily lives. We tend to equate happiness with freedom, but, as the psychotherapist and writer Adam Phillips has observed, without obstacles to our desires it's harder to know what we want, or where we're heading. He tells the story of a patient, a first-time mother who complained that her young son was always clinging to her, wrapping himself around her legs wherever she went. She never had a moment to herself, she said, because her son was "always in the way". When Phillips asked her where she would go if he wasn't in the way, she replied cheerfully, "Oh, I wouldn't know where I was!"
　　H)  Take another common obstacle: lack of money. People often assume that more money will make them happier. But economists who study the relationship between money and happiness have consistently found that, above a certain income, the two do not reliably correlate. Despite the ease with which the rich can acquire almost anything they desire, they are just as likely to be unhappy as the middle classes. In this regard at least, F. Scott Fitzgerald was wrong.
　　I)   Indeed, ease of acquisition is the problem. The novelist Edward St Aubyn has a narrator remark of the very rich that, "without the editorial influence of the word 'afford', their desires rambled on like unstoppable bores, relentless and whimsical at the same time." When Boston College, a private research university, wanted a better feel for its potential donors, it asked the psychologist Robert Kenny to investigate the mindset of the super-rich. He surveyed 165 households, most of which had a net worth of $25m or more. He found that many of his subjects were befuddled by the infinite options their money presented them with. They found it hard to know what to want, creating a kind of existential bafflement. One of them put it like this: "You know, Bob, you can just buy so much stuff, and when you get to the point where you can just buy so much stuff, now what are you going to do?"
　　J)   The internet makes information billionaires out of all of us, and the architects of our online experiences are catching on to the need to make things creatively difficult. Twitter's prodigious success is rooted in the simple but profound insight that in a medium with infinite space for self-expression, the most interesting thing we can do is restrict ourselves to 140 characters. The music service This Is My Jam helps people navigate the tens of millions of tracks now available instantly via Spotify and iTunes. Users pick their favourite song of the week to share with others. They only get to choose one. The service was only launched this year, but by the end of September 650,000 jams had been chosen. Its co-founder Matt Ogle explains its raison d'être like this: "In an age of endless choice, we were missing a way to say: 'This. This is the one you should listen to'."
　　K)  Today's world offers more opportunity than ever to follow the advice of the Walker Brothers and make it easy on ourselves. Compared with a hundred years ago, our lives are less tightly bound by social mores and physical constraints. Technology has cut out much of life's drudgery, and we have more freedoms than ever: we can wear what we like, sleep with whom we want (if they'll sleep with us), and communicate with hundreds of friends at once at the click of a mouse. Obstacles are everywhere disappearing. Few of us wish to turn the clock back, but perhaps we need to remind ourselves how useful the right obstacles can be. Sometimes, the best route to fulfilment is the path of more resistance.
　　注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。
　　46. The rigorous requirements placed on the writing of poetry stimulate the poet's creativity.
　　47. With creativity，even old-fashioned instruments may produce spectacular sound effects.
　　48. More money does not necessarily bring greater happiness.
　　49. It is a false assumption that lessons should be made easier to learn.
　　50. Obstacles deliberately placed in the creation of music contribute to its success.
　　51. Those who enjoy total freedom may not find themselves happy.
　　52. Ted Hughes discovered many long poems submitted for poetry competition were composed on computers.
　　53. Maybe we need to bear in mind that the right obstacles help lead us to greater achievements.
　　54. An investigation found that many of the super-rich were baffled by the infinite choices their money made available.
　　55. One free social networking website turned out to be successful because it limited each posting to one hundred and forty characters.
　　參考答案：
　　46. G（★★★；定位詞：rigorous requirements，writing of poetry，creativity。）
　　47. C（★；定位詞：old-fashioned instruments， spectacular sound effects；位置：第三句。）
　　48. H（★；定位詞：money，happiness；位置：段首第一句。）
　　49. F（★；定位詞：lesson，easier to learn；位置：段首第二句。）
　　50. A（★★★；定位詞：obstacles, creation of music。）
　　51. G（★★；定位詞：freedom，happy；位置：段首第三句。）
　　52. D（★★；定位詞：Ted Hughes，poetry competition，computers；位置：段首第二句。）
　　53. K（★；定位詞：right obstacles，greater achievements；位置：段尾倒數第二句but後。）
　　54. I（★★；定位詞：super-rich, baffled; 位置：段中到段尾。）
　　55. J（★；定位詞：one hundred and forty characters, social networking website；位置：段首第二句。）
　　註：高難度：★★★ ；中等難度：★★；低難度：★。

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