在連續幾年增加新詞彙的基礎上(2003年增加65個,2004年增加80個,2005年增加58個),2006年北京市高考繼續增加新詞彙91個,使得北京市高考考試說明的詞彙總量升高至2688個(包括2282個單詞和406個習慣用語和固定搭配)。
為什麼要持續增加詞彙「不斷加大學生負擔」呢?臨近高考我們應該怎麼面對它們?筆者就此發表一下個人的看法:1.《新課程標準》要求高中學生詞彙量達到3500左右(根據筆者統計比較準確的數字是3434個單詞以及265個單獨列出的國家名稱及相關信息和數字、星期、月份等----這就總共達到3699個單詞,還不包括詞組和短語)。《新課程標準》是國家綱領性文件,理應成為全國以及各獨立命題的省、市高考詞彙量的目標標準,天津、廣東、湖北等地也在不斷擴大詞彙量,甚至今年有些省市比如湖南就直接明確提出詞彙範圍參照《新課程標準》。據此筆者大膽推斷今後幾年北京市高考詞彙還將要繼續增加,但範圍還是跟這幾年一樣基本不會超出課標,因為近年增加的詞彙中只有去年的一個單詞original是課標外的新詞, 但其源詞即其名詞形式origin也是包括在課標內的。
2.這次增加的91個單詞有很多是英語學習和實際生活中經常見到和用到的基礎詞,在現行的主流教材課本中都屬於比較高頻的詞彙。其實象人教版和外研版等高中課本都很注意詞彙擴展以符合課標要求。今年增加的新詞比如access,anyway,battery,cheat,culture,honey,horrible, movie, observe等等都應該是大家耳熟能詳的,只要平時基本功比較紮實的同學就不必將他們看成負擔為此徒生煩惱。
3.在高考前有限的時間內複習單詞,筆者認為最重要的還是注意單詞的意義和用法,重視功能性和生成性,特別要重視動詞的運用,因此把它們放在句子中學習是比較有效的。至於每個單詞要掌握到什麼程度,比如要學會該詞的幾種詞性和義項,筆者還是提倡以課標為準,下面就依此將所有91個新詞整理出來,希望對大家複習有所幫助。
4.筆者在閱讀研究近幾年北京市高考說明時發現詞彙表中竟然一直沒有「I」這個基本的詞彙,為什麼北京英語高考要這樣「忘我」呢?不知是排版錯誤還是其他什麼原因,也許可以解釋為以字母排序的形式出現了。筆者曾經試圖電話聯繫北京市考試院可惜一直沒能成功。在此提醒廣大考生同學們注意。
2006年北京市高考新增加詞彙91個:
1. access n.方法,通路
The only access to their house on the hillside is along a narrow path.只有順著一條狹窄的小路爬到半山腰,才能到他們家。
Students in our school have easy access to a good library.我們學校的學生可以自由地利用圖書館。
v.存取(計算機文件)
The files should be accessed every day to keep them up to date.應該每天存入那些文件以使他們保持更新。
It took me quite a long time to access several different files to find the correct information.我花了好長時間存取了好多文件才找到所要的信息。
2. account n. ①帳目
I』d like to open a new bank account .我想在銀行開一個帳戶。
I have no more than £2,000 in my account.我的帳戶上僅剩2,000英鎊。
②描述
The police asked me for an account of my movements around Saturday.警方要我說出星期
六前後我的活動。
You can read her own personal account of her experience in her diary.你可以從她的日記中看她對其個人經歷的自我描述。
3. accuse v.指控,控告
He was accused of stealing again.他再次被指控盜竊。
The judge took his seat and asked the accused man to stand up.法官就位後,請被告起立。
4. ambition n.雄心,野心,志向,抱負
Her husband is full of ambition.她丈夫野心勃勃。
One of his ambitions is to become a great poet.他的目標之一是當個大詩人。
5. amount n.總數,總額, 數量
Large amounts of money were spent on the old temple.那座古廟花費了大筆的錢。
Can you really afford only half of this amount now? 你真地只能付得起總數的一半嗎?
v.總計,共達
The cost amounted to over 10,000 dollars.成本共計一萬多美金。
What you say amounts to a refusal.你說的話就等於拒絕。
6. amuse vt.(使人)快樂,逗樂
He thought of various activities to amuse the baby till bedtime.他想出各種活動來逗寶寶開心直到上床睡覺。
Can you keep yourself amused while I make a phone call? 我打個電話你自己消遣一會好嗎?
7. analyse(Am.analyze) v.分析,研究
He analysed the food and found no poison in it.他分析了那份食物但沒發現有毒。
We must carefully analyse the causes of the accident.我們必須認真分析那次事故的原因。
8. ancient a.古代的,古老的
He is making a careful study of Chinese ancient history.他正在認真研究中國古代史。
She was wearing an ancient straw hat.她戴著頂古式草帽。
9. anyway ad.不管怎樣
He did lend us his hand, anyway.不管怎麼說他確實幫我們忙了。
The book was rather difficult, but I went through it anyway.這本書很難,但我還是大體瀏覽了
一遍。
10. apart ad. ①除去,撇開
The boss felt satisfied with our work apart from a few slight faults.除了幾處小毛病老闆對我們幹的工作感到滿意。
Apart from the injury to her face, she broke her neck.除了臉上受傷外她的頸部骨折。
②相距,相隔, 分開,分離
The couple are living apart.那對夫婦分居。
She was standing with her feet wide apart.她站在那裡,雙腳分得很開。
Sitting a little apart from the rest of the class, Tom was painting.湯姆坐在離班裡其他同學稍遠點的地方繪畫。
More and more families are breaking apart.越來越多的家庭解體。
11.apartment n. ①(美)樓中單元房,一套房間
They moved into a new apartment.他們搬進一套新單元房。
The rich lady has different apartments in the big city.這位富姐在城裡有好幾套房子。
②房間
May I know on which floor your apartment is? 我能知道你住在哪層樓嗎?
It’s much cheaper to live in an apartment than to stay in a hotel.住公寓比住旅館要便宜得多。
12. aside ad.在旁邊
I stood aside to let them pass.我站在一邊讓他們過去。
My wife put aside the sweater she was working on to answer the door.我老婆把手中正在織的毛衣放到一邊去應門。
13. assume v.假使,假定,設想
Assuming it rains this afternoon, what shall we do? 假設今天下午下雨的話我們怎麼辦?
We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.在證實他有罪之前我們要假定他是清白的。
14. aware a.明白的,清醒的
Are you aware of the difficulty in persuading her? 你認識到要說服她該多難嗎?
I’m well aware that few jobs are available at present.我很明白眼下基本沒有什麼工作好找。
15. awful a. ①可怕的
The pain in my back was awful.我的背部疼得不得了。
There’s an awful accident at the crossing.路口發生了可怕的車禍。
②極討厭的,糟透的
What an awful film! 真是糟糕透了的電影!
The weather was awful during their holidays.他們假期中的天氣糟透了。
16. battery n.電池
This transistor has two batteries.這個電晶體收音機有兩塊電池。
The battery wants recharging.這塊電池該充電了。
(責任編輯:汪春)